scholarly journals Wetland Restoration with Hydrophytes: A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Maria A. Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Filamentous Green Algae ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Restoration Practices ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Sediment Transfer ◽  
Negative Factors

Restoration cases with hydrophytes (those which develop all their vital functions inside the water or very close to the water surface, e.g., flowering) are less abundant compared to those using emergent plants. Here, I synthesize the latest knowledge in wetland restoration based on revegetation with hydrophytes and stress common challenges and potential solutions. The review mainly focusses on natural wetlands but also includes information about naturalized constructed wetlands, which nowadays are being used not only to improve water quality but also to increase biodiversity. Available publications, peer-reviewed and any public domain, from the last 20 years, were reviewed. Several countries developed pilot case-studies and field-scale projects with more or less success, the large-scale ones being less frequent. Using floating species is less generalized than submerged species. Sediment transfer is more adequate for temporary wetlands. Hydrophyte revegetation as a restoration tool could be improved by selecting suitable wetlands, increasing focus on species biology and ecology, choosing the suitable propagation and revegetation techniques (seeding, planting). The clear negative factors which prevent the revegetation success (herbivory, microalgae, filamentous green algae, water and sediment composition) have to be considered. Policy-making and wetland restoration practices must more effectively integrate the information already known, particularly under future climatic scenarios.

Large-scale wetland-restoration of the Ronde Venen, The Netherlands

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Bijlmakers ◽  
E. O. A. M. de Swart
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Spatial Strategy ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Composition

For the area of the Ronde Venen a plan for large-scale wetland-restoration and improvement of the water quality was developed. Major elements of the developed spatial strategy are the optimal use of the specific hydrological and ecological characteristics of the area. Based on regional hydrological characteristics within the study area hydrological sub-units were distinguished by connecting discharge and recharge areas. In this way the intake of polluted surface water from outside the area could be minimized, with an optimal use of specific local differences in water quality. Two scenarios were developed and evaluated using hydrological, hydrochemical and ecological models. The scenarios differed in spatial composition and the way the water level was manipulated. In order to optimize water quality, natural and artificial pollution control mechanisms were implemented as well. An important criterion for the evaluation was the extent to which the scenarios succeeded in optimizing conditions for the realization of the ecological goals. The most promising and acceptable scenario has been worked out in further detail.

Accelerated Erosion and Sedimentation in Southeast Asia

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Sediment Transfer ◽  
Very High

Periodic attempts to plot global distribution of erosion and sedimentation usually attribute most of Southeast Asia with a very high sediment yield (Milliman and Meade 1983). The erosion rates and sediment yield figures are especially high for maritime Southeast Asia. Milliman and Syvitski (1992), for example, listed 3000 t km−2 yr−1 for the archipelagos and peninsulas of Southeast Asia. They provided a number of natural explanations for the high erosion rate: location near active plate margins, pyroclastic eruptions, steep slopes, and mass movements. This is also a region with considerable annual rainfall, a very substantial percentage of which tends to be concentrated in a few months and falls with high intensity. Part of Southeast Asia (the Philippines, Viet Nam, Timor) is visited by tropical cyclones with heavy, intense rainfall and possible associated wind damage to existing vegetation. The fans at the foot of slopes, the large volume of sediment stored in the channel and floodplain of the rivers, and the size of deltas all indicate a high rate of erosion and episodic sediment transfer. This episodic erosion and sediment transfer used to be controlled for most of the region by the thick cover of vegetation that once masked the slopes. When vegetation is removed soil and regolith de-structured, and natural slopes altered, the erosion rates and sediment yield reach high figures. Parts of Southeast Asia display striking anthropogenic alteration of the landscape, although the resulting accelerated erosion may be only temporary, operating on a scale of several years. Over time the affected zones shift, and slugs of sediment continue to arrive in a river but from different parts of its drainage basin. The combination of anthropogenic alteration and fragile landforms may give rise to very high local yields. Sediment yields of more than 15 000 t km−2 yr−1 have been estimated from such areas (Ruslan and Menam, cited in Lal 1987). This is undoubtedly towards the upper extreme, but current destruction of the vegetation cover due to deforestation, expansion of agriculture, mining, urbanization, and implementation of large-scale resettlement schemes has increased the sediment yield from < 102 to > 103 t km−2 yr−1.

Success criteria and adaptive management for a large-scale wetland restoration project

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Weinstein ◽  
John H. Balletto ◽  
John M. Teal ◽  
David F. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Success Criteria

Lessons for Health Service: the Chernobyl Accident and the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
A. Bushmanov ◽  
I. Galstyan ◽  
V. Solov'ev ◽  
M. Konchalovsky
Keyword(s):  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Emergency Drugs ◽  
To Receive

Purpose: The article is devoted to the analysis of organizational measures to overcome the medical consequences of two large-scale events: the Chernobyl accident on 26.04.1986 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A comparison of the causes, key factors, numbers affected and involved in these events persons, and the availability of the source of knowledge about the clinical picture, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases, developing as a result of radiation exposure and the virus SARS-Cov-2. The article considers the availability of special medical institutions, the infectability of medical workers, the presence of long-term consequences for the health of victims and for the economy. Conclusions: In the development of such catastrophic events, an important role should be played by 1) Timely and adequate information to the population. 2) It is necessary to have a sufficient number of beds that can be repurposed in accordance with the needs and provided with appropriate equipment to support the vital functions of the body. 3) Planned training of qualified medical personnel should be carried out. 4) It is necessary to have stocks of emergency drugs close to the institutions where it is possible to receive victims.

Applying science to conservation and restoration of the world's wetlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Mitsch
Keyword(s):  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Delaware Bay ◽  
Florida Everglades ◽  
World Conservation ◽  
The World ◽  
Ecological Values ◽  
Riverine Systems

The world has an estimated 7 to 9 million km2 of wetlands which can be defined through their hydrology, physiochemical environment, and biota. Many human cultures have lived in harmony with wetland environments for centuries. Many others have not, resulting in drainage or severe impact of wetlands throughout the world. Conservation of wetlands needs to be a priority for the cultural and ecological values they provide. But a more optimistic note is that large-scale restoration and re-creation of wetlands and riverine systems is beginning to happen throughout the world through ecological engineering. Examples of large-scale wetland restoration projects are presented for Delaware Bay, the Skjern River (Denmark), Florida Everglades, Louisiana Delta, the Mississippi River Basin, and the Mesopotamian Marshlands of Iraq.

scholarly journals An observation-constrained assessment of the climate sensitivity and future trajectories of wetland methane emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. eaay4444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest N. Koffi ◽  
Peter Bergamaschi ◽  
Romain Alkama ◽  
Alessandro Cescatti
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Global Estimate ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Wetlands are a major source of methane (CH4) and contribute between 30 and 40% to the total CH4 emissions. Wetland CH4 emissions depend on temperature, water table depth, and both the quantity and quality of organic matter. Global warming will affect these three drivers of methanogenesis, raising questions about the feedbacks between natural methane production and climate change. Until present the large-scale response of wetland CH4 emissions to climate has been investigated with land-surface models that have produced contrasting results. Here, we produce a novel global estimate of wetland methane emissions based on atmospheric inverse modeling of CH4 fluxes and observed temperature and precipitation. Our data-driven model suggests that by 2100, current emissions may increase by 50% to 80%, which is within the range of 50% and 150% reported in previous studies. This finding highlights the importance of limiting global warming below 2°C to avoid substantial climate feedbacks driven by methane emissions from natural wetlands.

How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick C. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wetland Loss ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
National Governments

It has been frequently stated, but without provision of supporting evidence, that the world has lost 50% of its wetlands (or 50% since 1900 AD). This review of 189 reports of change in wetland area finds that the reported long-term loss of natural wetlands averages between 54–57% but loss may have been as high as 87% since 1700 AD. There has been a much (3.7 times) faster rate of wetland loss during the 20th and early 21st centuries, with a loss of 64–71% of wetlands since 1900 AD. Losses have been larger and faster for inland than coastal natural wetlands. Although the rate of wetland loss in Europe has slowed, and in North America has remained low since the 1980s, the rate has remained high in Asia, where large-scale and rapid conversion of coastal and inland natural wetlands is continuing. It is unclear whether the investment by national governments in the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands has influenced these rates of loss. There is a need to improve the knowledge of change in wetland areas worldwide, particularly for Africa, the Neotropics and Oceania, and to improve the consistency of data on change in wetland areas in published papers and reports.

Total phytoplankton abundance is determined by phosphorus input: evidence from an 18-month fertilization experiment in four subtropical ponds

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1454-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Hong Zhu Wang ◽  
Xiao Min Liang ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Xu Cheng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Fertilization Experiment ◽  
Subtropical Lakes ◽  
Total Phytoplankton ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Restoration Practices

There is a heated debate over the necessity of nitrogen (N) reduction, in addition to phosphorus (P) reduction, for the control of eutrophication. Whole-lake fertilization experiments and lake restoration practices in high latitudes have demonstrated that P is the primary factor regulating total phytoplankton. Recognizing the limited large-scale evidence in warmer climatic zones, a fertilization experiment was conducted in four ponds located in the subtropical Yangtze River Basin, China. Total phytoplankton abundance in a pond receiving P (+P) was similar to that in a pond receiving both N and P (+N+P). Both had higher phytoplankton than a pond receiving no additional nutrient (Control). Total nitrogen concentration (TN) in the +P pond increased with the appearance of N-fixing cyanobacteria. Total phytoplankton abundance was similar in the ponds without P addition (+N, Control), and both ponds had lower phytoplankton levels than the +N+P pond. These results showed that P, not N, determines total phytoplankton abundance and that N deficiency is offset by N fixation in subtropical lakes. This experiment supports the idea that attention should be mainly focused on P reduction in mitigating eutrophication.

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