Prominence of environmental and anthropogenic agents on the occurrence of coral reef bleaching syndrome and coral diseases

Coral reefs are the most productive ecosystems on Earth. They ensure the conservation of biodiversity and are a live habitat for 25% of all marine organisms. The main relationship on the coral reef is the symbiosis between corals and algae from the genus Symbiodinium (commonly called zooxanthellae). The authors of this publication have characterized and described the factors limiting the occurrence of coral reefs, including: water temperature, salinity, access to sunlight, contamination, physicochemical and hydromechanical parameters of water. Moreover anthropogenic threats to coral reefs have been specified, including diving tourism, ecological disasters (e.g. oil spills) and the development of marine aquaristics. Rapid changes in the basic living conditions are dangerous for corals and their symbionts and may cause the unsuitability of the new environment resulting in diseases such as coral bleaching. Corals bleaching is a disease associated with the break of the coral and algae relationship which results in a coral reef death on a global scale. Awareness of these negative factors, often related to human activity, may allow us to better understand the ecological processes that are the basis of reef functioning and might enable us to prevent and oppose to the changes and ecological recessions of coral reefs.

Main Controlling Factors and Empirical Models for Total Mercury and Methylmercury Accumulation in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

It has been reported that rice consumption is the main mercury (Hg) exposure pathway for humans, and soil properties could significantly affect the methylation and accumulation process of Hg in soil-rice system. In this study, 19 paddy soil with various properties were spiked with exogenous Hg(II) at three concentration levels to conduct a pot experiment after a 60-days aging period. Stepwise multiple linear regression was applied to determine the controlling soil factors and develop prediction models for the methylmercury (MeHg) concentration in soil and total Hg (THg) and MeHg in brown rice. The results showed that THg in brown rice was positively correlated with THg in soil, while it had a negative correlation with soil pH and clay content. Soil organic matter (OM) promoted Hg methylation and inhibited the accumulation of MeHg in brown rice. Soil pH and clay content were negative factors when soil MeHg was used to predict MeHg in brown rice. THg and MeHg in brown rice could be well predicted by soil THg, pH and clay content. These results may provide a theoretical basis for safe production of rice in Hg contaminated paddy field.

Planning and diagnostic nursing strategy in the clinical management of the patient with hyperthroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a common disease that affects 0.8% of the population in Europe. It occurs when the thyroid gland produces more thyroid hormones than your body needs. There are several types of treatment, such as antithyroid drugs, treatment with radioactive iodine (131I) and finally surgery, in addition to these treatments, reference is made to a good hygienic-dietary orientation. Objective: to assess from the nursing field the safest and most effective type of hyperthyroidism treatment, including the risk factors to take into account when carrying out these. Methodology: systematic searches were carried out in bibliographic sources of trials and articles published between 2015 and 2021. Including studies that contained data on risk factors for hyperthyroidism. Results: of 426 related articles found, 13 met the inclusion criteria. Total thyroidectomy surgery induced a 26% therapeutic failure rate and 95% radioactive iodine treatment compared to the 19.1% therapeutic failure in antithyroid drug treatment. Conclusion: Despite the verification of the efficacy of all existing hyperthyroidism treatments, antithyroid drugs have greater efficacy and safety than the rest of the treatments studied, in relation to the time and rate of remission. On the other hand, risk factors such as tobacco and female sex are evidenced, which are negative factors when carrying out treatment for hyperthyroidism.

Bilateral phacoemulsification of cataract: the opinion of foreign ophthalmologists

Рurpose: to present the opinion of foreign ophthalmic surgeons on simultaneous bilateral phacoemulsification of cataract (SBPEC) by analyzing literature data. We performed an analysis of papers listed by Pubmed in 2000–2020 which contained expert assessments of SBPEC effectiveness based on polling. Ophthalmic surgeons were offered special questionnaires largely close in content, which were designed to establish the rating of factors that affected the respondents’ decision for or against the surgery. Our results indicate that, depending on the country, from 13.9 to 86 % of ophthalmic surgeons practice SBPEC, while from 14.0 to 67.2 % refrain from using this technology. The surveys revealed three major factors in favor of SBPEC — reduced number of clinical visits, the patient’s convenience during rehabilitation, and a high risk of complications after a second general anesthesia. The main factors against SBPEC are the risk of endophthalmitis (noted by 69–73 % of respondents), the absence of information on the postoperative refractive result in the first eye, which could determine the choice of the intraocular lens on the second eye (74–80 %), the risk of bilateral vision loss (73–79 %), as well as possible forensic problems (52–58 %).Conclusion. The surveying highlights certain negative factors that need to be overcome in order for SBPEC to become more widespread. Raising the awareness of SBPEC practice and approval by the ophthalmic community is essential for a sustainable culture change regarding this technology. To achieve this aim, standardization of the SBPEC procedure is needed, followed by the development of training manuals and protocols for surgical intervention.

Social impact assessment in the mining industry

Social responsibility for sustainability has become an important dimension in the current context. More and more industries are evaluating this responsibility and are actively involved in addressing human resources to increase motivation, communication and reduce negative factors. The mining industry is important, especially from the perspective of sustainability. For these reasons, this paper reviews the social impact in the mining industry and provides a framework of social indicators for this industry. The methodology used is based on a qualitative assessment of the importance of indicators for industry. This framework is developed based on various social impact reporting tools. This approach can be extended to other fields of activity following the adaptation of its applicability. The main conclusions show that social responsibility is important for the mining industry.

Natural Disasters and Risk Management

In recent years, natural disasters have compelled public authorities, organizations, and citizens to increase their efforts in properly planning and implementing effective risk management procedures. Accordingly, in literature contemporary concepts such as natural disaster risk management and crisis management emerged. Therefore, the chapter aims to shed light on the significance of natural disaster risk management and crisis management in the development of an effective societal system by its transformation and to point out the positive and negative factors influencing these management activities. The authors will firstly give an overview of these two concepts, their elements, and development phases, and afterward, the investigation of possible positive and negative factors of natural disaster risk management will be introduced. The chapter will make a significant contribution to filling the gap in the literature on mitigating the influence of natural disasters and risk management.

Flipped Classroom Experiences in Clinical Dentistry – A Strategic Mini-Review

Background: Pedagogy in dental education has evolved over the decades. Today, many alternative modes of content delivery are being used as an adjunct to the traditional classroom. A flipped classroom is one among those that are being explored for teaching clinical dentistry. Objective: This mini-review is aimed at evaluating the available evidence in the efficacy of flipped classrooms and its related aspects in the learning curve of clinical dentistry. Methods: A thorough literature search on electronic databases for all the studies focusing on the following evidence-based question: “Is Flipped classroom in clinical dentistry a useful mode of pedagogy delivery? was performed. A combination of MeSH terms using Boolean operators “AND,” “OR:” FLIPPED [All Fields] AND (“dental health services” [MeSH Terms] AND “health” [All Fields] AND “services” [All Fields]) OR “dental” [All Fields]) AND (“learning” [MeSH Terms] OR “learning” [All Fields]). Specific terms such as “Perio” OR “Prostho” OR “Restorative” OR “Ortho” OR “Oral medicine” OR “Maxillofacial surgery” OR “Pediatric” OR “endo” was also used. Data from these articles addressing the aim of this study was extracted. Results: A total of 16 articles were considered for the review. The majority of the studies considered flipped classroom as a successful model of pedagogy. The most common mode of outside classroom activity was pre-recorded videos. In-classroom activities, a combination of seminars, interactive discussions, and quiz were explored. Time constraints, lack of faculty development programs are considered to be negative factors for the success of the flipped classroom. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the study, flipped classroom can be adapted as a method of pedagogy in clinical dentistry.

SOCIAL MOOD AND ADAPTATION OF ETHNIC GROUPS TO THE MARKET ECONOMY (according to ethnosociological surveys in Bashkortostan)

On the basis of ethnosociological surveys, the social mood and adaptive behavior of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan to the market economy are considered. On the basis of ethnosociological data, the self-assessment by ethnic groups of their material and financial situation is revealed. One of the negative factors affecting social mood was the economic crisis after the Crimean events and the beginning of the pandemic. The survey also showed that market relations have made certain adjustments to the social stratification and differentiation of society. Despite this, as the results of the survey showed, the majority of the population of the republic looks to the future with hope and optimism.

SYSTEMATIZATION OF FACTORS AND CRITERIA OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

In conditions when own resources are limited, enterprises need cash receipts from investors, which will serve as a necessary complement to their own funds. For this reason, at the present stage, the relevance of scientific research and practical development in the field of research of investment attractiveness of enterprises is increasing. However, the issue of assessing the investment attractiveness of an enterprise has not yet been fully considered; there is no single theoretical and methodological base, which is due to the lack of an accurate interpretation of the term "investment attractiveness of an enterprise" itself, as well as the methodology and methodology for its assessment. Thus, the relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze and systematize existing approaches to the study of investment attractiveness of enterprises. In economic studies, investment attractiveness is understood as a complex indicator characterizing the feasibility of investing in an economic entity. The investment attractiveness of the enterprise depends both on external factors characterizing the level of development of the industry and the region in which the enterprise in question is located, and on internal factors - the results of the enterprise itself. Thus, an assessment of the investment attractiveness of an enterprise can be carried out by various methods aimed at identifying positive and negative factors of influence. The investment attractiveness of the enterprise is characterized by a set of indicators of its activity, which determines for the investor the area of the desired values of investment behavior. Investment attractiveness has a number of basic aspects: scientific, technical, commercial, environmental, institutional, social, financial and investment. The conclusions presented in the scientific article are the initial stage in the study of this topic.

Interaction between a state support of agriculture and a bank sector

At current time a financial state of agricultural enterprises is characterized as unstable. Among all the negative factors, a credit-financial system influences most significantly on social and economic indicators in agriculture. Analysis of a resource provision of realization of the State program of agriculture development, regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food showed the most of budgeting funds remains in the bank sector that, in return, leads to outflow of funds from agricultural branch and low profitability.