Evaluation Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Wastes Used as Highway Materials: An Overview with Respect to U.S. EPA's Environmental Risk Assessment Framework

Author(s):  
Peter O. Nelson ◽  
Pugazhendhi Thayumanavan ◽  
Mohammad F. Azizian ◽  
Kenneth J. Williamson
Author(s):  
Lidia Hrncevic

The petroleum industry holds long- and short-term environmental risks. Besides production fluids, all petroleum industry activities involve either use of fluids, which contain abundant substances, or waste generation, both associated with potential risk to the environment. The principal environmental risk associated with the petroleum industry is the risk of fluid spill/emission to the environment. Although in recent decades the risk analysis methodologies have matured, to date there is still no universally accepted methodology for environmental risk assessment in petroleum industry. In this chapter, the petroleum industry’s environmental incident history and statistics are presented. The environmental impact of the petroleum industry’s activities, its extent, and trends are analyzed. The overview of pollution sources with associated environmental risk is given along with the analysis of the causes and consequences of incidents in the petroleum industry.


2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Beresford ◽  
Simon M. Wright ◽  
Catherine L. Barnett ◽  
Michael D. Wood ◽  
Sergey Gaschak ◽  
...  

Purpose. Describe the categories of environmental risk, the degree of their impact on the environment. Results. The place of ecological risk in the system of environmental impact assessment is substantiated. Modern methodology for environmental risk assessment involves a parallel consideration of risks to human health and environmental risks caused by disturbance of ecosystems and adverse effects on environmental components, risks of deteriorating quality and deteriorating living conditions. The reasons for the risk are unplanned events in the environment that may adversely affect the company, the progress of its plans. These include both predictable and unpredictable events. Risk factors are the conditions under which risk causes may arise. Among them are: political, scientific and technical, socio-economic, environmental and more. Conclusions. In the strategic perspective, it is necessary to improve the national environmental policy and create a national system of environmental safety and an effective system of environmental monitoring as a universal tool for its implementation. One of the tasks of this system is effective environmental risk management.


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