Intergeneric hybrids and an amphiploid between Elymus canadensis and Psathyrostachys juncea

Euphytica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
C. H. Park ◽  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Elymus Canadensis

Intergeneric hybrids between Thinopyrum and Psathyrostachys (Triticeae)

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Basic Genome ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum ◽  
First Time

Intergeneric hybrids were synthesized for the first time from the diploid crosses Thinopyrum elongatum (JeJe) × Psathyrostachys juncea (NjNj), T. elongatum × P. fragilis (NfNf), T. bessarabicum (JbJb) × P. huashanica (NhNh), and T. bessarabicum × P. juncea, as well as from a cross between the amphidiploid of T. bessarabicum × T. elongatum (JbJbJeJe) and P. juncea. Spikes of these hybrids are morphologically intermediate between those of the parental species. Double spikelets occurred occasionally at central nodes of the spikes. Glaucous blue leaves appeared in the F1 only in the cross T. bessarabicum × P. huashanica, suggesting that the gene(s) for glaucous blue leaves in T. bessarabicum is (are) recessive to a gene(s) for green leaves in P. juncea but is (are) dominant to that for yellowish green leaves in P. huashanica. Meiotic pairing at metaphase I in these diploid (JN) and triploid (JJN) hybrids revealed a very low level of homology between the basic J and N genome. Therefore, the J and N genomes are nonhomologous and justifiably represented by different genome symbols. The triploid hybrids exhibited a pattern of chromosome associations that substantiated the earlier conclusion that the genomes in T. bessarabicum and T. elongatum are two versions of a basic genome (J). These hybrids will be useful in genome analysis, forming new Leymus species with the J and N genomes and broadening the diversity in the genus Pascopyrum with the SHJN genomes.Key words: hybrid, Thinopyrum, Psathyrostachys, genome.

Coenocytism, ameiosis, and chromosome diminution in intergeneric hybrids in the perennial Triticeae

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Pollen Grain Wall

Three different pathways of ameiotic microsporogenesis were observed in some intergeneric hybrids of the perennial Triticeae grasses. In one of the hybrids between Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. inermis and Psathyrostachys juncea, pollen mother cells remained as premeiotic interphase cells when the pollen grain wall started to form. The microspores in such an ameiotic plant are presumably unreduced. Coenocyte formation coupled with ameiosis occurred in two hybrid plants of Psathyrostachys huashanica × Secale montanum. Less than 10% of the pollen mother cells had one nucleus. An average of 4.44 nuclei, ranging from 1 to 25 per pollen mother cell, was observed. The nuclei in coenocytes remained unfused when the pollen grain wall was formed. Nucleus splitting followed by cytoplasmic budding or cleavage, possibly a process of chromosome diminution or elimination, replaced meiotic divisions in most of the pollen mother cells in one plant of Leymus angustus × Hordeum bulbosum and two plants of Thinopyrum elongatum × Psathyrostachys juncea. It is evident that these meiotic abnormalities are under genetic control. Probable locations for these genes controlling these phenomena are suggested.Key words: coenocyte, ameiosis, chromosome diminution, chromosome elimination, microsporogenesis, unreduced gamete, polyploidy, intergeneric hybrid.

Production, morphology, and cytogenetics of intergeneric hybrids of Elymus L. species with Triticum aestivum L. and their backcross derivatives

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yen ◽  
Dajun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Key Words Cytogenetics

Elymus canadensis L. (2n = 28, SSHH), E. dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. (2n = 42, SSHH??), and E. cylindricus (Franch.) Honda (2n = 42, SSHH??) were successfully hybridized with Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring (2n = 42, AABBDD) by in vivo – in vitro embryo culture. The F1 hybrids were male sterile and morphologically intermediate to their parents. The average numbers of associated chromosome arms per cell were 0.24, 2.04, and 0.65, and the mean arm association frequencies were 0.0086, 0.0486, and 0.0155, respectively. The first backcross derivatives all resulted from fusion of an euploid, hypoploid, or hyperploid unreduced F1 female gamete with a normal male gamete of common wheat. They had average numbers of associated arms per cell of 27.10, 24.36, and 23.84, and average chromosome arm association frequencies of 0.644, 0.580, and 0.568, respectively. First backcross derivatives were male sterile but morphologically, closer to their wheat parents. This study shows that no homologous genomes exist between Elymus and Triticum and that gene transfer between these two genera would be very difficult but not impossible. Key words: cytogenetics, Elymus L., Triticum L., hybrid (intergeneric).

New intergeneric diploid hybrids among Agropyron, Thinopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Psathyrostachys, Hordeum, and Secale

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Hybrid Genome ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thinopyrum Bessarabicum

Eight diploid intergeneric hybrids representing six genomic combinations were synthesized and meiotically analyzed. The SN hybrids of Pseudoroegneria spicata and P. spicata spp. inermis with Psathyrostachys juncea resembled the Pseudoroegneria species in that the spikes had a single spikelet per node. The spikes of all other hybrids were intermediate to those of their respective parents. The mean meiotic pairing pattern for two SN hybrids was 9.90 I + 1.74 rod II + 0.16 ring II + 0.07 III + 0.02 IV, which was equivalent to a mean arm-pairing frequency (c) of 0.16. When the results were averaged with a previously reported hybrid, the mean pairing in two hybrid plants of P. spicata × Thinopyrum bessarabicum (SJ genome combination) was 4.79 I + 3.24 rod II + 0.91 ring II + 0.18 III + 0.09 IV and c = 0.41. Of the JeS hybrids, mean pairing was 8.40 I + 2.30 rod II + 0.25 ring II + 0.13 III + 0.03 IV (c = 0.28) for T. elongatum × P. spicata and 6.98 I + 2.90 rod II + 0.39 ring II + 0.12 III + 0.02 IV (c = 0.28) for T. elongatum × P. spicata ssp. inermis. The JP hybrid of T. bessarabicum × Agropyron cristatum had 8.99 I + 2.11 rod II + 0.14 ring II + 0.13 III + 0.03 IV and c = 0.20. Pairing was lower in the new PH hybrids A. mongolicum × Hordeum californicum and HR hybrids H. californicum × Secale montanum: 12.20 I + 0.82 rod II + 0.05 III (c = 0.06) and 13.04 I + 0.44 rod II + 0.01 III (c = 0.03), respectively. These data contribute to the elucidation of the genomic relationships among diploid species of the perennial Triticeae.Key words: hybrid, genome, chromosome pairing, Triticeae.

Cytogenetic analyses of intergeneric hybrids between barley and nine species of Elymus

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.-S. Kim ◽  
G. Fedak ◽  
F. Han ◽  
W. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Bivalent Formation ◽  
Gish Analysis

Wild species in the Triticeae tribe are very valuable resources for agronomic improvement in cereal crop species. Intergeneric hybrids were produced between several barley cultivars and perennial species in the genera Elymus , Thinopyrum , and Pseudoroegneria . Caryopsis formation and subsequent plantlet regeneration from embryo culture were variable depending on the hybrid combinations. Chromosome numbers and hybrid identity were confirmed by GISH analysis on the somatic cells of the hybrids. While the hybrids showed very robust vegetative growth and exceeded the parental spikes in size, their floral morphologies resembled that of the wild species. Meiotic chromosome analysis revealed that the bivalent formation frequency per cell ranged from 0.06 in Hordeum vulgare ‘Betzes’ × Elymus curvatus to 3.0 in Elymus humidus  × H. vulgare ‘Manley’. By GISH analysis on the meiocytes of the hybrid E. humidus × ‘Manley’, the frequency of autosyndetic bivalents exceeded the allosyndetic bivalent formation, which gave an insight into the genome constitution of E. humidus as an autoallohexploid species. Regardless of the low allosyndetic chromosome pairing between barley and E. humidus, this combination may be useful for further input, since E. humidus is known to carry many valuable genes for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.

Intergeneric hybrids of Hordeum vulgare with Agropyron caninum and A. dasystachyum

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Spindle Fibre ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Agropyron Caninum

Hybrids were obtained by pollinating Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes with Agropyron caninum (4x) and A. dasystachyum (4x) at frequencies of 1.4 and 6.1% of pollinated florets, respectively. The hybrids were sterile and phenotypically resembled the paternal parent, except for floret structure which was intermediate between the parental types. Chromosome pairing at meiosis was very low and thus provided no indication of homoeology between parental genomes. Abnormal meiotic chromosome behavior in meiocytes that occurred in sectors on the 'Betzes' × A. dasystachyum hybrid was attributed to abnormal spindle fibre function.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum vulgare, Agropyron caninum, Agropyron dasystachyum.

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