The degree of anisotropy of cosmic ray electrons of solar origin

Solar Physics ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Allum ◽  
R. A. R. Palmeira ◽  
U. R. Rao ◽  
K. G. McCracken ◽  
J. R. Harries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Degree Of Anisotropy

scholarly journals Multiradionuclide evidence for the solar origin of the cosmic-ray events of AD 774/5 and 993/4

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Mekhaldi ◽  
Raimund Muscheler ◽  
Florian Adolphi ◽  
Ala Aldahan ◽  
Jürg Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Origin

Atmospheric internal gravity waves as a source of quasiperiodic variations of the cosmic ray secondary component and their likely solar origin

Solar Physics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 447-449
Author(s):  
A. M. Galper ◽  
V. G. Kirillov-Ugryumov ◽  
N. G. Leikov ◽  
B. I. Luchkov
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Internal Gravity Waves ◽  
Secondary Component ◽  
Solar Origin

scholarly journals On the possibility of galactic cosmic ray-induced radiolysis-powered life in subsurface environments in the Universe

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (123) ◽  
pp. 20160459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Atri
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Subsurface Environments ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
The Universe

Photosynthesis is a mechanism developed by terrestrial life to utilize the energy from photons of solar origin for biological use. Subsurface regions are isolated from the photosphere, and consequently are incapable of utilizing this energy. This opens up the opportunity for life to evolve alternative mechanisms for harvesting available energy. Bacterium Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator , found 2.8 km deep in a South African mine, harvests energy from radiolysis, induced by particles emitted from radioactive U, Th and K present in surrounding rock. Another radiation source in the subsurface environments is secondary particles generated by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). Using Monte Carlo simulations, it is shown that it is a steady source of energy comparable to that produced by radioactive substances, and the possibility of a slow metabolizing life flourishing on it cannot be ruled out. Two mechanisms are proposed through which GCR-induced secondary particles can be utilized for biological use in subsurface environments: (i) GCRs injecting energy in the environment through particle-induced radiolysis and (ii) organic synthesis from GCR secondaries interacting with the medium. Laboratory experiments to test these hypotheses are also proposed. Implications of these mechanisms on finding life in the Solar System and elsewhere in the Universe are discussed.

Galactic Cosmic Ray Anisotropies in the Energy Range 1011 – 1014eV.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Jacklyn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Particle Intensity ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
Descriptive Models

AbstractA review is presented of the evidence for anisotropies of galactic origin in the charged cosmic ray particle intensity at median primary energies of detection in the range 1011 – 1014eV. It concerns the period from 1958, when the first substantial long-term observations at energies of solar and sidereal modulation near 1011eV commenced underground, until 1984, by which time results were available from a number of years of accurate observations with detectors of small air showers at energies near 1014eV, too high for complicating effects of solar origin to be present. There is evidence for the existence of both unidirectional and bidirectional galactic anisotropies over the whole energy range. Tentative descriptive models are discussed in relation to advances both in solar and sidereal analytical techniques and in the ability of experimenters to account for and exploit the modulating influence of the heliomagnetosphere at the lower energies of detection.

The Propagation of Cosmic Radiation Through the Inter-Planetary Magnetic Field

1967 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
K. G. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Counting Rate ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Statistical Precision ◽  
Degree Of Anisotropy ◽  
Planetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux

Instruments were flown on the Pioneer 6 and 7 spacecraft during 1965-66 to study the degree of anisotropy of cosmic radiation in the energy range 7.5-90 Mev/nucleón. The instruments record the cosmic ray fluxes from each of four contiguous ‘quadrants’ of azimuthal rotation of the spacecraft, for each of three energy windows 7.5-45 Mev, 45-90 Mev, and 150-350 Mev for alpha particles and heavier nuclei. In addition, the counting rate of all particles of energy >7.5 Mev is recorded, thereby providing cosmic ray data of high statistical precision useful in the study of fast changes in the cosmic ray flux.

Anisotropy characteristics of low energy cosmic ray population of solar origin

Solar Physics ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. R. Rao ◽  
K. G. McCracken ◽  
F. R. Allum ◽  
R. A. R. Palmeira ◽  
W. C. Bartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Solar Origin

scholarly journals 43. On the variations of the primary cosmic ray intensity

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 420-427
Author(s):  
E. N. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Forbush Decrease ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Quantitative Development

To construct a model for producing the observed variation in the cosmic ray intensity we consider primarily the Forbush decrease and the general decrease of the cosmic ray intensity during years of solar activity. These are larger variations than the diurnal and 27-day variations and require more drastic assumptions; thus they will better serve to establish a unique model.It is assumed that the sun does not emit cosmic ray particles except during the time of a solar flare. Thus, decreases in the cosmic ray intensity are to be interpreted as a solar effect which inhibits the arrival of galactic cosmic ray particles at earth. Since the intensity of low rigidity primary cosmic ray particles is observed to vary more than the intensity at higher rigidities, the inhibition has generally been assumed to be caused by magnetic fields.The necessary depression of the cosmic ray intensity requires both a barrier, to impede their arrival, and a removal mechanism within the barrier, to prevent eventual statistical equilibrium (with uniform particle density). Quantitative development indicates that a heliocentric magnetic dipole, a heliocentric cavity in the galactic field (Davis, Phys. Rev.100, 1440, 1955), and a heliocentric interplanetary cloud barrier (Morrison, Phys. Rev.101, 1397, 1956) all encounter serious difficulties in explaining the observed effects, one reason being the ineffective removal that is available.It is shown that a geocentric magnetic cloud barrier does not encounter these difficulties: it is proposed that during the years of solar activity the terrestrial gravitational field captures magnetic gas of solar origin from interplanetary space, which is then supported by the geomagnetic field; the removal by absorption by the earth is sufficiently effective that only a relatively thin barrier need be maintained; the occasional capture of new magnetic material accounts for the abrupt onset of the Forbush decreases, and the slow decay (0·5 years) of the captured fields for the smooth variation of the mean cosmic ray intensity with the sunspot cycle.

An Anomalous Forbush Decrease

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
J. E. Humble
Keyword(s):  
Forbush Decrease ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux

Ground level detectors observed several major changes in the primary cosmic-ray flux during November 4960. Large increases, of solar origin, occurred on November 12 and 15, and a smaller one on November 20. The galactic flux in the region of the Earth was severely reduced by a Forbush decrease on November 12, and remained notably depressed until November 25. Considerable magnetic activity was observed throughout the period. Several models have been proposed to account for these observations.

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