Trade-offs in foraging success and predation risk with spatial position in colonial spiders

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda S. Rayor ◽  
George W. Uetz
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Foraging Success ◽  
Trade Offs

The Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey Model with Foraging-Predation Risk Trade-Offs

2007 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Křivan
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Living in mixed species groups promotes predator learning in degraded habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Mark I. McCormick ◽  
Eric P. Fakan ◽  
Randall P. Barry ◽  
Maud C. O. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues ◽  
Pomacentrus Amboinensis ◽  
Predator Foraging ◽  
Predator Learning ◽  
Predator Odour

AbstractLiving in mix-species aggregations provides animals with substantive anti-predator, foraging and locomotory advantages while simultaneously exposing them to costs, including increased competition and pathogen exposure. Given each species possess unique morphology, competitive ability, parasite vulnerability and predator defences, we can surmise that each species in mixed groups will experience a unique set of trade-offs. In addition to this unique balance, each species must also contend with anthropogenic changes, a relatively new, and rapidly increasing phenomenon, that adds further complexity to any system. This complex balance of biotic and abiotic factors is on full display in the exceptionally diverse, yet anthropogenically degraded, Great Barrier Reef of Australia. One such example within this intricate ecosystem is the inability of some damselfish to utilize their own chemical alarm cues within degraded habitats, leaving them exposed to increased predation risk. These cues, which are released when the skin is damaged, warn nearby individuals of increased predation risk and act as a crucial associative learning tool. Normally, a single exposure of alarm cues paired with an unknown predator odour facilitates learning of that new odour as dangerous. Here, we show that Ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, a species with impaired alarm responses in degraded habitats, failed to learn a novel predator odour as risky when associated with chemical alarm cues. However, in the same degraded habitats, the same species learned to recognize a novel predator as risky when the predator odour was paired with alarm cues of the closely related, and co-occurring, whitetail damselfish, Pomacentrus chrysurus. The importance of this learning opportunity was underscored in a survival experiment which demonstrated that fish in degraded habitats trained with heterospecific alarm cues, had higher survival than those we tried to train with conspecific alarm cues. From these data, we conclude that redundancy in learning mechanisms among prey guild members may lead to increased stability in rapidly changing environments.

Evaluating trade-offs between forage, biting flies, and footing on habitat selection by wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
R.J. Belanger ◽  
M.A. Edwards ◽  
L.N. Carbyn ◽  
S.E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Forage Availability ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Insect Harassment ◽  
Biting Fly

Habitat selection is a behavioural process that ultimately affects animal fitness. Forage availability and predation risk are often studied in the context of habitat selection for large ungulates, while other biological and environmental factors such as insect harassment and footing are less studied. Here we examine trade-offs in summer habitat selection between forage availability for wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads, 1898) with that of biting-fly harassment and soil firmness, which affects activity budgets and predation risk, respectively, and contrast this to winter when flies are absent and soils frozen. Using path analysis, we demonstrate that graminoid availability was not related to habitat selection in summer, but was positively related to habitat selection in winter. Habitat selection in summer was negatively related to biting-fly abundance and positively related to firmer footing. Our results suggest that bison observe trade-offs in summer between maximizing forage intake and minimizing harassment from that of biting flies, while avoiding areas of soft substrates that affect locomotion and vulnerability to predators. In contrast, during the winter, bison focus on areas with greater graminoid availability. Although forage is a key aspect of habitat selection, our results illustrate the importance of considering direct and indirect effects of multiple biological and environmental factors related to ungulate habitat selection.

Foraging‐Predation Risk Trade‐offs, Habitat Selection, and the Coexistence of Competitors

2002 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara C. Grand
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Trade Offs

Meta-analysis of foraging and predation risk trade-offs in terrestrial systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Verdolin
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs

Size-dependent resource limitation and foraging-predation risk trade-offs: growth and habitat use in young arctic char

Oikos ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pär Byström ◽  
Jens Andersson ◽  
Lennart Persson ◽  
André M. De Roos
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Trade Offs

Trade-offs between time, predation risk and life history, and their implications for biogeography: A systems modelling approach with a primate case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 221 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bettridge ◽  
J. Lehmann ◽  
R.I.M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Systems Modelling ◽  
Modelling Approach

The effect of cover and food on space use by wintering Song Sparrows and Field Sparrows

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1636-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Beck ◽  
Bryan D. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Woody Cover ◽  
Species Specific

The distribution of birds among microhabitats may reflect species-specific resource requirements. Both food availability and predation risk have been shown to influence patterns of microhabitat use by sparrows during winter. We investigated the influence of vegetative cover and food on microhabitat use using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Both woody cover and food were manipulated at the plot level. The presence of screening cover (weed stems) was manipulated within plots. Sparrows showed a positive response to the presence of both cover and food. Within plots, sparrows selected areas with screening cover. The distribution of birds between areas with and without screening cover was influenced by the presence of woody cover and food. Conversely, the presence of screening cover reduced the influence of woody cover on the distribution of birds within patches. Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) and Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) differed in their response to treatments both within and across plots, suggesting that trade-offs between foraging and predation risk may be important in the structuring of winter sparrow assemblages. Additionally, screening cover appears to moderate predation risk and therefore to affect distribution patterns.

scholarly journals Basking and diurnal foraging in the dasyurid marsupial Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Pavey ◽  
Fritz Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Trade Offs

Several mammal species bask to passively rewarm during arousal from torpor, a strategy that can decrease energetic costs. Nothing is known about basking behaviour in these species or the trade-offs between energetic benefits of basking and potential costs associated with changes in activity patterns and increased predation risk. We assessed basking during winter in Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis, an Australian arid-zone marsupial that belongs to a family (Dasyuridae) that is typically nocturnal. Animals were implanted with temperature-sensitive transmitters to assess body temperatures and to assist in visually locating animals active during the day. Tagged animals regularly exhibited diurnal foraging. Foraging bouts occurred throughout the day; however, most bouts were observed within 3 h of sunset. By comparison, basking occurred much more frequently in the morning. Basking and a shift towards diurnal foraging in winter is associated with a decrease in richness and abundance of predators. P. macdonnellensis appears to compensate for the occurrence of torpor during the active phase (i.e. night) in winter by changing activity patterns such that foraging commences during what is usually the rest phase. These activity patterns are not expected to occur during the remainder of the year.

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