Incubation behavior, brood patch formation and obligate brood reduction in Fiordland crested penguins

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
ColleenCassady St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Brood Reduction ◽  
Brood Patch ◽  
Incubation Behavior

scholarly journals Ecological and Physiological Factors Affecting Brood Patch Area and Prolactin Levels in Arctic-Nesting Geese

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jón Einar Jónsson ◽  
Alan D. Afton ◽  
Ray T. Alisauskas ◽  
Cynthia K. Bluhm ◽  
Mohamed E. El Halawani
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nest Size ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chen Caerulescens ◽  
Brood Patch ◽  
Snow Geese ◽  
Ross's Geese

AbstractWe investigated effects of ecological and physiological factors on brood patch area and prolactin levels in free-ranging Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter “Snow Geese”) and Ross's Geese (C. rossii). On the basis of the body-size hypothesis, we predicted that the relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition would be stronger in Ross's Geese than in the larger Snow Geese. We found that brood patch area was positively related to clutch volume and inversely related to prolactin levels in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Nest size, nest habitat, and first egg date did not affect brood patch area in either species. Prolactin levels increased as incubation progressed in female Snow Geese, but this relationship was not significant in Ross's Geese. Prolactin levels and body condition (as indexed by size-adjusted body mass) were inversely related in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Our findings are consistent with the prediction that relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition are relatively stronger in Ross's Geese, because they mobilize endogenous reserves at faster rates than Snow Geese.Factores Ecológicos y Fisiológicos que Afectan el Área del Parche de Incubación y los Niveles de Prolactina en Gansos Nidificantes del Ártico

Incubation Behavior of Northern Shovelers in the Subarctic: A Contrast to the Prairies

The Condor ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret C. MacCluskie ◽  
James S. Sedinger
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Behavior

scholarly journals Brood patch temperature during provocation of incubating common eiders in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Francois Criscuolo ◽  
Michel Gauthier-Clerc ◽  
Yvon Le Maho ◽  
Geir W. Gabrielsen
Keyword(s):  
Brood Patch ◽  
Common Eiders

scholarly journals Video-monitoring helps to optimize the rescue of second-hatched chicks in the endangered Bearded VultureGypaetus barbatus

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONI MARGALIDA ◽  
DIEGO GARCÍA ◽  
RAFAEL HEREDIA ◽  
JOAN BERTRAN
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Video Monitoring ◽  
Brood Reduction ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Sibling Aggression ◽  
Bearded Vulture ◽  
Prey Items ◽  
Ne Spain

SummaryFrom 2000–2008 we used transmitting video cameras to document the breeding biology of the endangered Bearded Vulture in the Pyrenees (NE Spain), focusing the study on sibling aggression. Our goals were to study the feasibility of rescuing second-hatched chicks for conservation purposes in this species that shows obligate brood reduction. The age at which the second chick died varied between 4 and 9 days (n= 5). Prey items delivered per hour were not related to the survival time of the second chick or the aggressiveness of the first-hatched chick towards their sibling. Although sibling aggression generally began on day 1 after hatching, in two nests supplemented with food, aggression was delayed until the second and third day after hatching and the second chick survived for nine days. Our results on the death of the second chick and the test involving the rescuing of a second-hatched chick aged five days, suggest that the recommended age for intervention should be between 3 and 6 days, with 4–5 days probably being the optimal age for the rescue.

Ectoparasitic blow flies (Protocalliphora sp.) and nestling Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis): direct effects and compensatory strategies

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Hannam
Keyword(s):  
Brood Reduction ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Compensatory Strategies ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Sialia Sialis ◽  
Eastern Bluebird ◽  
Eastern Bluebirds ◽  
Nestling Period ◽  
Host Parasite

Variation in environmental factors such as parasitism can have direct effects on an organism’s fitness. Because parasites draw resources directly from their hosts, they are expected to have negative effects; however, several nestling host – parasite systems show no evidence of direct effects. Absence of direct effects may be explained by compensation strategies used by parents or nestlings themselves. In this study evidence for both direct effects and compensatory strategies in a blow fly (genus Protocalliphora Hough, 1899) – Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis (L., 1758)) system were examined. Nestlings showed no direct effects of blow flies on survival and on size at fledging; however, parasitized broods were significantly anemic. There was no evidence for compensation by parents in the form of brood reduction and there was no support for compensation by nestlings via a hierarchy of tissue preservation. Nestlings did compensate for parasitism by accelerating growth at the end of the nestling period and delaying fledging.

TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF PARENTAL RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION IN THE RED-NECKED GREBE: EQUALIZING THE SHARE OF THE SURVIVORS

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1355-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kloskowski
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Brood Reduction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Investment Allocation ◽  
Parental Aggression ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Podiceps Grisegena ◽  
Over Time

AbstractFood distribution within brood and parental aggression to chicks were studied in the asynchronously hatching red-necked grebe Podiceps grisegena throughout the whole period of parental care. When carrying young - during the first two weeks after hatching - parents did not interfere in sibling competition for food. The proportions of food received by each brood member reflected the dominance hierarchy. After this period, parents showed aggression to offspring, especially to the older chicks and the within-brood hierarchy of received food was gradually reversed. Junior chicks were also longer cared for than their older sibling. Male and female parents did not differ in the food apportionment among differentrank chicks. It is suggested that red-necked grebe parents change the within-brood investment allocation over time. In the first weeks after hatching, they allow biased food distribution and in consequence even brood reduction. Later, they intervene in resource allocation and attempt to equalize the post-fledging survival of all chicks. Parental aggression appears to be a means both for counteracting the competitive advantage of older sibs and for forcing the chicks to independence.

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