The solution structure of ?-Aga-IVB, a P-type calcium channel antagonist from venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MichaelD. Reily ◽  
Venkataraman Thanabal ◽  
MichaelE. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Antagonist ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Web Spider ◽  
Agelenopsis Aperta ◽  
P Type

Effects of ω-Agatoxin IVA, a P-Type Calcium Channel Antagonist, on the Development of Spinal Neuronal Hyperexcitability Caused by Knee Inflammation in Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2620-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nebe ◽  
Andrea Ebersberger ◽  
Horacio Vanegas ◽  
Hans-Georg Schaible
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Antagonist ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Hyperexcitability ◽  
P Type

Effects of ω-agatoxin IVA, a P-type calcium channel antagonist, on the development of spinal neuronal hyperexcitability caused by knee inflammation in rats. Both N- and P-type high-threshold calcium channels are located presynaptically in the CNS and are involved in the release of transmitters. To investigate the importance of P-type calcium channels in the generation of inflammation-evoked hyperexcitability of spinal cord neurons, electrophysiological recordings were made from wide-dynamic-range neurons with input from the knee joint in the anesthetized rat. The responses of each neuron to innocuous and noxious pressure onto the knee and the ankle were continuously assessed before and during the development of an inflammation in the knee joint induced by the injections of K/C into the joint cavity. The specific antagonist at P-type calcium channels ω-agatoxin was administered into a 30-μl trough on the spinal cord surface above the recorded neuron. In most neurons the application of ω-agatoxin before induction of inflammation slightly enhanced the responses to pressure onto the knee and ankle or left them unchanged. Two different protocols were then followed. In the control group (13 rats) only Tyrode was administered to the spinal cord during and after induction of inflammation. In these neurons the responses to mechanical stimuli applied to both the inflamed knee and to the noninflamed ankle showed a significant increase over 4 h. In the experimental group (12 rats) ω-agatoxin was applied during knee injection and in five 15-min periods up to 180 min after kaolin. This prevented the increase of the neuronal responses to innocuous pressure onto the knee and to innocuous and noxious pressure onto the ankle; only the responses to noxious pressure onto the knee were significantly enhanced during development of inflammation. Thus the development of inflammation-evoked hyperexcitability was attenuated by ω-agatoxin, and this suggests that P-type calcium channels in the spinal cord are involved in the generation of inflammation-evoked hyperexcitability of spinal cord neurons. Finally, when ω-agatoxin was administered to the spinal cord 4 h after the kaolin injection, i.e., when inflammation-evoked hyperexcitability was fully established, the responses to innocuous and noxious pressure onto the knee were reduced by 20–30% on average. The shift in the effect of ω-agatoxin, from slight facilitation or no change of the responses before inflammation to inhibition in the state of hyperexcitability, indicates that P-type calcium channels are important for excitatory synaptic transmission involved in the maintenance of inflammation-evoked hyperexcitability.

scholarly journals Solution structure of the calcium channel antagonist ω-conotoxin GVIA

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1591-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack J. Skalicky ◽  
D. Joseph Ciesla ◽  
Arthur Pardi ◽  
William J. Metzler ◽  
Alphonse Galdes
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Antagonist ◽  
Solution Structure

scholarly journals P-type Calcium Channel Antagonist Decreases the Amount of Retrograde Transport of HRP in the Rat Masseter Motoneuron

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Kawagishi ◽  
Kenichi Yoshino ◽  
Takatoshi Murata ◽  
Niichiro Amano
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Antagonist ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Retrograde Transport Of Hrp ◽  
P Type

Divergent Effects of Dihydropyridine and Phenylalkylamine Calcium Channel Antagonist Classes on Autonomic Function in Human Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala T. Kailasam ◽  
Robert J. Parmer ◽  
Justine H. Cervenka ◽  
Regina A. Wu ◽  
Michael G. Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Antagonist ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Human Hypertension
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