A comparison of blood gases and acid-base measurements in arterial, arterialized venous, and venous blood during short-term maximal exercise

Front of exercise, the organic systems may suffer water-electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, particularly in the case of blood gases, demonstrating variations from different causes, whether respiratory and/or metabolic. Understanding the physiological adaptations to exercise is essential in the search for the optimum performance. In this way, this study measured the venous blood gases (pO2, pCO2), as well as the oxygen saturation (SatO2) in healthy equines, Arabian horses finalists in 90km endurance races. A total of fourteen Arabian horses were evaluated, nine males and five females, between six and 12 years old, finalists in 90km endurance races. There was a significant reduction in pO2, pCO2 and SatO2 after the exercise, however, the values remained within the normality range, and did not change the athletic performance of the animals, indicating a temporary alteration, assuming thus a character of physiological response to the exercise performed. The equines, finalists in 90 Km endurance races, demonstrated efficient ventilatory process, without any alterations in the athletic performance, being adapted to the type of exercise imposed.

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Effects of Dynamic Exercise on Plasma Arachidonic Acid Epoxides and Diols in Human Volunteers

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.21.6.471 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 471-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rose M. Giordano ◽

John W. Newman ◽

Theresa L. Pedersen ◽

Marisa I. Ramos ◽

Charles L. Stebbins

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Bicycle Ergometer ◽

Short Term ◽

Vasoactive Substances ◽

Human Volunteers

Metabolites of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway may contribute to vasodilation of the vasculature. However, it is not known whether exercise affects their circulating concentrations. The authors determined effects of exercise intensity and duration on plasma concentrations of epoxy and dihydroxy metabolites of arachidonic acid. Their goal was to delineate the threshold workload, optimal workload, and duration required to produce increases in plasma concentrations of these vasoactive substances. Healthy volunteers (N = 14) performed maximal exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer during Visit 1. On separate days, subjects cycled for 20 min at 30%, 60%, and 80% of their maximal exercise intensity. The last day consisted of 40 min of exercise at 60% of maximal exercise intensity. Venous blood was obtained before, during, and after exercise for analysis. Compared with rest, increases were observed during the 80% workload at 20 min postexercise —14,15-DHET (0.77 ± 0.21 vs. 0.93 ± 0.27 nM)—and at 2 min postexercise: 11,12-DHET (0.64 ± 0.22 vs. 0.71 ± 0.24 nM; p < .05). Also compared with rest, 40-min values during the 60% workload were 14,15-DHET 0.79 ± 0.22 vs. 0.91 ± 0.31 nM and at 2 min post 14,15 EET 0.12 ± 0.06 vs. 0.21 ± 0.16 nM (p < .05). Results suggest the CYP metabolites (i.e., DHETs) are released during short-term high-intensity and long-term moderateintensity exercise.

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Changes in acid-base balance and blood gases during muscular activity and recovery

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1959.14.3.328 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 328-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. De Lanne ◽

J. R. Barnes ◽

L. Brouha ◽

F. Massart

Keyword(s):

Environmental Temperature ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Base Balance ◽

Males And Females

Changes in the blood gases and acid-base balance during muscular work and recovery were investigated for males and females under various controlled environmental conditions. Changes in venous blood oxygen and carbon dioxide are influenced both by the intensity and duration of the exercise and by the environmental temperature. The pH of the blood is similarly affected. The direct measurement of pH was found to be a better index of the variation in the acid-base balance than the pH calculated from Henderson's equation at a fixed CO2 pressure. Lactic acid in the blood is, like the blood gases, influenced by ambient conditions, but is more closely related to the intensity than to the duration of the exercise. Submitted on October 28, 1958

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Evaluation of venous blood gas levels, blood chemistry and haemocytometric parameters in milk fed veal calves at different periods of livestock cycle

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.1515/pjvs-2016-0094 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 745-752

Author(s):

S. Giambelluca ◽

E. Fiore ◽

A. Sadocco ◽

M. Gianesella ◽

I. Vazzana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Blood Parameter ◽

Blood Gas ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Acid Base ◽

Veal Calves ◽

North East

Abstract An evaluation of blood chemistry profile in relation to specific stages of livestock cycle can help better understand variations in physiological conditions in order to adjust management systems to animal needs. In addition to basal hematological investigation, the acid-base balance and blood gases are essential tools in evaluating metabolism in calves. The relationship between blood gas parameters, diet and growth should be further investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in acid-base status, blood gases, serum chemistry and hematological parameters in veal calves at different periods of livestock cycle. One hundred twenty-eight healthy cross breeding calves were enrolled in a farm in North-East Italy. Blood samplings were carried out from the jugular vein on day 1 (t1), 60 (t2) and 150 (t3) after arrival. Blood gas analysis was performed and hematological parameters were evaluated. One-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test were performed to assess differences between blood parameter values at the different periods. The main differences in blood gas parameter levels during the livestock cycle concerned pH, Base Excess and HCO3 with higher values recorded in t3. Urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and bilirubin mean values were significantly higher in t1 than in t2 and t3. Aspartate aminotransferase increased from t1 to t2 and t3. Alkaline Phosphatase was higher in t2. Fe levels severely dropped in t2 and in t3, and the decrease led to a restrained but significant reduction in haemoglobin values. A correspondent decrease in the other haemocytometric parameters was found.

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STUDY OF ACID BASE BALANCE IN CHRONIC SEVERE ANAEMIA

10.36106/ijsr/3422182 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 48-51

Author(s):

Balbinder Kumar ◽

Ganesh Narayan Jha ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Clinical State ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Base Parameters ◽

Base Balance

Aim of the study role of acid base balance in chronic severe anaemic patients admitted in Department of Medicine, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar. Study subject include 50 chronic and severe anaemic patients. All the fty cases underwent detailed haematological, biochemical, electrocardiographic, roentgenographic studies followed by extensive analysis of blood for blood gases and acid base parameters at the onset. Some were further studied for venous blood lactate and the effect of intravenous frusemide on the acid base parameters and the clinical state of the patient. Twenty normal controls were also studied. Work in future on the problem of chronic severe anaemia should include cases with cardiac failure and other complications like respiratory infections etc. and they should be studied for myocardial function, glomerular ltration rate and renal anion transport in addition to blood gases and acid base study as done by us. The role of ionotropic agents should be studied in such cases in isolation from that with diuretics. The administration of oxygen alone with a mask is also expected to improve almost all parameters quickly and should be studied.

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Changes in Plasma Electrolytes and Muscle Substrates During Short-Term Maximal Exercise in Humans

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1139/h95-007 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 89-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Marcel R. Boulay ◽

Olivier Serresse ◽

Germain Thériault ◽

Jean-Aimé Simoneau ◽

Claude Bouchard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Exercise Duration ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Short Term ◽

Exercise Tests ◽

Muscle Lactate ◽

Plasma Electrolytes

This study compared the effects of 3 short-term maximal exercise tests lasting 10, 30, and 90 sec upon blood volume, plasma electrolytes, glucose, glycerol, lactate and skeletal muscle ATP, PC, glycogen, and lactate concentrations. Seven sedentary male subjects were recruited and 5 of them were randomly assigned to each of the 3 protocols. The tests were performed on a modified ergocycle at workloads of 0.9, 0.075, and 0.05 kp∙kg−1 body mass, respectively. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and immediately after each exercise. Venous blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and during the recovery (5, 20, 60, and 120 min). Plasma volume decreased during the 30- and 90-sec tests and was increased in all tests after 60 min of recovery. Plasma K+ increased during all tests and returned to normal values 5 min postexercise, except after the 90-sec test where it fell below resting values. Plasma Na+ and Cl− were unaffected. Blood lactate increased in all tests, glucose increased after the 90-sec test, and glycerol increased after the 30- and 90-sec tests. All 3 tests brought relatively similar changes in muscle ATP, PC, and glycogen while muscle lactate changes were related to exercise duration. These results suggest that a normal hydration status is important for a subject undergoing short training bouts, and that high-intensity tests of short duration do not require a special nutritional regimen to enhance glycogen reserves. Key words: skeletal muscle, hemoconcentration, hypervolemia, hyperkalemia

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