Photosynthetic capacity, chloroplast pigments, and mineral content of the previous year's spruce needles with and without the new flush: analysis of the forest-decline phenomenon of needle bleaching

Oecologia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Lange ◽  
H. Zellner ◽  
J. Gebel ◽  
P. Schramel ◽  
B. K�stner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Decline ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Chloroplast Pigments ◽  
Spruce Needles

Changes in Levels of a-Tocopherol and Ascorbate in Spruce Needles at Three Low Mountain Sites Exposed to Mg2+-Deficiency and Ozone

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schmieden ◽  
A. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Spruce Needles

The main objective of this study was the com parison of changes in levels of α-tocopherol and ascorbate in needles of spruce trees with various degrees of damage at three low mountain sites. The ascorbate content in needles of spruce trees with various degrees of dam age differs in the course of seasons as well as in the absolute level. The antioxidant status was affected mainly during summer. The content of ascorbate in needles of dam aged trees was significantly increased compared to that of undamaged trees. Despite seasonal and daily fluctuations, the level of ascorbate seems to be a good indicator for the degree of dam age in the case of symptoms described as montane yellowing. Together with an increasing content of α-tocopherol per chlorophyll, a rise of ascorbate content indicates enhanced oxidative stress in the needles of damaged trees, particularly in summer. Asc/αToc ratios were increased in needles of damaged trees. At the studied sites enhanced oxidative stress could be caused by the com bined action of Mg2+-deficiency, high ozone concentrations and high-light intensity, all inducing an increased production of radicals in combination with a reduced photosynthetic capacity

Induction of nitrate reductase activity in red spruce needles by NO2 and HNO3 vapor

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Norby ◽  
Yohan Weerasuriya ◽  
Paul J. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Acid Vapor ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Acid Mist ◽  
Spruce Needles

The induction of the enzyme nitrate reductase in needles may be a prerequisite for the assimilation of foliar-absorbed nitrogen oxide pollutants by red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) trees. To test for induction of nitrate reductase, 1-year-old red spruce seedlings were exposed to NO2, HNO3 vapor, or acid mist containing nitrate, and the activity of nitrate reductase in needles was measured. One day after exposure to NO2 (75 nL•L−1) began, nitrate reductase activity was three times greater than that of unexposed control plants. One day after exposure ended, the nitrate reductase activity returned to the control level. Older red spruce seedlings that had been excavated from a spruce–fir stand exhibited a similar pattern of response, but the level of nitrate reductase activity was much lower than that of the 1-year-old seedlings. Nitric acid vapor (75 nL•L−1) also induced nitrate reductase in red spruce needles, and the pattern of response was similar to that with NO2, except that the nitrate reductase activity did not return to control levels until 2 days after exposure ended. Exposure of seedlings to acid mist containing nitrate (pH 3.5 and 5.0) did not result in a change in nitrate reductase activity. These results indicate that red spruce is capable of assimilating NO2 and HNO3 vapor and that hypotheses of forest decline based on foliar assimilation of pollutant nitrogen oxides are tenable.

Phenolic Compounds as a Tool of Bioindication for Novel Forest Decline at Numerous Spruce Tree Sites in Germany

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Richter ◽  
Ulrich Eis ◽  
Aloysius Wild
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Needle Loss

Abstract Within a project that applied biochemical criteria to the diagnosis of damage to Norway spruce, 43 sites in western and eastern Germany showing only moderate tree damage were screened for the amounts of methanol soluble phenolic compounds in spruce needles. The concentrations of most of the main compounds-especially catechin-positively correlated with needle loss and the altitude of the site. It was also found that it is necessary to differenti­ate between trees younger and older than 60 years of age. The correlations between the increase of the phenolic compounds studied and the needle loss or the damage class are stronger in the younger trees, possibly implicating differences in metabolic state or distur­bances in protectective mechanisms in the older trees.

scholarly journals Effects of Chrysosporum (Aphanizomenon) ovalisporum extracts containing cylindrospermopsin on growth, photosynthetic capacity, and mineral content of carrots (Daucus carota)

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remedios Guzmán-Guillén ◽  
Alexandre Campos ◽  
Joana Machado ◽  
Marisa Freitas ◽  
Joana Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Needles of Norway Spruce Trees in Relation to Novel Forest Decline. II. Studies on Trees from Two Sites in Middle Western Germany

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Richter ◽  
Aloysius Wild
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Spruce Needles

Abstract The content of several phenolic compounds in needles of 20- to 30-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) was measured using HPLC. The results of two forestry sites in middle western Germany are reported in this paper. They are part of a research programme on novel forest decline which was carried out in various regions of Germany. Distinct amounts of picein, catechin, piceatannol glucoside, and other phenolic compounds were detected in the studied spruce needles. Additionally, their contents changed in relation to damage. Some compounds, especially catechin, showed increased levels in the needles of the damaged trees compared to the undamaged ones. Here, the values for the undamaged trees of the different sites were similar. Concerning the changes in picein contents, however, there was a great difference between the sites. p-Hydroxyacetophenone was detected in very low amounts only and did not correlate with damage.These results are compared with earlier findings from another site that shows severe damage. The role of phenolic compounds as indicators of tree damage is discussed.

Anatomy of red spruce needles from forest decline sites in Vermont

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann F. Vogelmann ◽  
Barrett N. Rock
Keyword(s):  
Forest Decline ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Spruce Needles
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