Variable transfer of detoxified metals from snails to hermit crabs in marine food chains

1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Nott ◽  
A. Nicolaidou
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Marine Food

Seabirds as biomonitors of mercury inputs to epipelagic and mesopelagic marine food chains

1998 ◽  
Vol 213 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Thompson ◽  
Robert W Furness ◽  
Luis R Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Food Chains ◽  
Marine Food

Chlorinated C 1 and C 2 hydrocarbons in the marine environment

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1096) ◽  
pp. 305-332 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Chemical Manufacture

A range of chlorinated hydrocarbons derived from C 1 and C 2 hydrocarbons is manufactured industrially. They are used as intermediates for further chemical manufacture and also outside the chemical industry as solvents or carriers. In the latter category losses in use are eventually dispersed to the environment. The distribution of some of these compounds, including chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and trichloroethane, in the environment (air, water and marine sediments) has been investigated and the results are presented. The concentrations found have been compared with acute toxicity levels to fish and other aquatic organisms, ascertained by laboratory bioassay. The occurrence of the compounds has been determined in a number of marine organisms, especially those at higher trophic levels, and the accumulation of some of them has been investigated in the laboratory. Chemical and microbial degradation processes have been studied in the laboratory to help determine the course of their removal from the aqueous and aerial environment, and the half lives of some of the compounds have been estimated. It is concluded that these compounds are not persistent in the environment, and that there is no significant bioaccumulation in marine food chains.

The transfer of65Zn and 59Fe along a Fucus serratus (L.)→ Littorina obtusata (L.) food chain

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Littorina Obtusata ◽  
Fucus Serratus ◽  
Marine Food

In marine organisms the fresh-weight concentrations of the trace metals zinc and iron are 102–105 times the concentrations in sea water. Study of the transfer of these metals along marine food chains is of interest because of the possibility of their being pollutants of the marine environment. Also65Zn and 65Fe are released to the marine environment and have been found, in many instances, to be the predominant radionuclides in food chains leading to man (Lowman, Palumbo & South, 1957; Lowman, 1960; Osterberg, Pearcy & Curl, 1964; Preston, 1967). The transfer of these metals along marine food chains is thus of interest also in the context of human radiation exposure.

Arsenic species in Australian temperate marine food chains

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Maher ◽  
S. Foster ◽  
F. Krikowa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Conversion ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Marine Food

Although over 50 arsenic species have been identified in marine organisms, the biochemical pathways by which these species are formed are not known. In this paper, we present an overview of bioconversions of arsenic species that occur in marine food chains based on studies conducted by our laboratory as well as the work of others. Phytoplankton and macroalgae only contain dimethylarsenoribosides or simple methylated arsenic compounds such as dimethylarsenate and dimethylarsenoethanol. Marine animals contain mostly arsenobetaine and a range of other arsenic species that may be precursors of arsenobetaine formation. The formation of arsenobetaine in marine animals from dimethylarsenoribosides may occur through a two-stage conversion pathway: arsenoriboside or trimethylarsonioriboside degradation to arsenocholine followed by quantitative oxidation to arsenobetaine. The minor arsenic species found in marine organisms are sulfur analogues of compounds found in the S-adenosylmethionine-methionine salvage and the dimethylsulfoniopropionate metabolic pathway of animals. A key intermediate in these pathways would be arsenomethionine, which could possibly be formed from dimethylarsinite, dimethylarsenoribosides or an arsenic-containing analogue of S-adenosylmethionine. Examining arsenic species in whole ecosystems has the advantage of using the pattern of arsenic species found to postulate the biochemical pathways of their formation.

Erratum to ʻʻBiomagnification of organic pollutants in benthic and pelagic marine food chains from the Baltic Seaʼʼ

2009 ◽  
Vol 407 (21) ◽  
pp. 5803-5804
Author(s):  
Eric Nfon ◽  
Ian T. Cousins ◽  
Dag Broman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
The Baltic

Presence and Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Arctic and Subarctic Marine Food Chains

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Bowes ◽  
Charles J. Jonkel
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Polar Bears ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Food Residue ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
High Concentrations

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), man-made industrial chemicals, have been identified in tissues of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), ringed (Phoca hispida) and square flipper (Erignathus barbatus) seals, and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) of the Canadian arctic and subarctic. All tissues from each species examined contained these compounds. PCB content in tissue, both absolute and relative to the concentration of DDT (p,p′-DDE + p,p′-DDD + p,p′-DDT), generally increased from seals to adult polar bears to polar bear cubs and young. Polar bear milk contained high concentrations of PCB and is the most probable source of the high concentrations in polar bear cubs. Chromatograms revealed a greater accumulation of higher chlorinated PCB isomers in polar bears than in seals, their main food. Residue data suggest that polar bear subpopulations in the eastern Canadian arctic and subarctic have been exposed to higher levels of PCB and DDT than western subpopulations.

Effect of feeding selectivity on the transfer of methylmercury through experimental marine food chains

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Jingxian Sun ◽  
Jieru Chen ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Wen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Chains ◽  
Feeding Selectivity ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Accumulation of organochlorines and brominated flame retardants in estuarine and marine food chains: Field measurements and model calculations

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1085-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Veltman ◽  
Jan Hendriks ◽  
Mark Huijbregts ◽  
Pim Leonards ◽  
Martine van den Heuvel-Greve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Marine Food

Marine Food Chains

10.2307/3454 ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
V. Bainbridge ◽  
J. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Food Chains ◽  
Marine Food
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