This investigation explored the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Devereux Elementary School Behavior Raring Scale, employing a large ( n = 648) sample of children. Factor analysis suggested that the Devereux scale can be described by four factors, which were named Disruptive—Oppositional, Poor Comprehension—Disattention, Cooperative—Initiating, and Performance Anxiety. All four factors showed high internal consistency, and three of the four were stable over a 17-mo. period. Correlations of the four factors with academic achievement, IQ, socioeconomic status, and peer ratings of social competence are presented. All four factors showed significant relations with these variables, with Poor Comprehension—Disattention the strongest of all. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the Poor Comprehension—Disattention factor accounted for significant variance in academic achievement even after IQ was taken into account. Large differences between classroom means on the factor scores suggested that Devereux ratings for individual students may need to be interpreted cautiously.