The life cycle ofContracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802) sensu stricto (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) in view of experimental infections

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne K�ie ◽  
H. -P. Fagerholm
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Experimental Infections

THE DESCRIPTION AND LIFE CYCLE OF MARITREMA LARICOLA SP. N. (TREMATODA: MICROPHALLIDAE)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Lei Ching
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Hemigrapsus Oregonensis ◽  
Larus Glaucescens

Maritrema laricola sp. n. from the intestine of the glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens, differs from other species in the genus in having an elongate body, small cirrus sac, and short, curved cirrus. The life cycle of the species was followed from sporocyst stage in Littorina scutulata and Littorina sitchana, to the metacercarial stage in Hemigrapsus oregonensis and H. nudus, and to the adult in natural and experimental hosts. In experimental infections of H. oregonensis, the cercariae penetrate and develop in the gills after which they migrate to the haemocoel of the crab and encyst. The metacercariae are fully developed in from 6 to 9 weeks, and similar in size and morphology to natural infections in crabs. Excystment of the metacercariae occurs in the following cultures at 40 °C: 3% pepsin plus 1% HCl, 0.85% saline, and seawater diluted 1:4. Metacercariae live for about 3 days in diluted seawater but do not produce eggs in any of the cultures. Only immature worms were recovered from mice and newly hatched chicks when they were fed the metacercariae, but mature worms were found in natural and experimental infections of the glaucous-winged gull. In a review of the genus Maritrema, the following transfers are made: Maritrema uca Sarkisian, 1957 to the genus Mecynophallus Cable, Connor, and Balling, 1960, and Maritreminoides raminellae Dery, 1958 to Pseudospelotrema Yamaguti, 1939.

THE LIFE CYCLE OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS: I. THE INTESTINAL PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Shanta ◽  
E. Meerovitch
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Experimental Infections

In experimental infections in mice, Trichinella spiralis larvae in the intestines molted twice before reaching sexual maturity. In both sexes, the first molt occurred between 12 and 16 hours post infection; in males, the second molt occurred between 24 and 32 hours, and in females, between 22 and 30 hours. The females were inseminated after the 36th hour post infection, but some males had spermatozoa in the seminal vesicles before the completion of the second molt. Structures, believed to be amphids, were observed after 2 hours post infection; they increased in size up to the 6th hour, after which they regressed and finally disappeared. The function of these amphids is believed to be related to osmoregulation.

scholarly journals Echinococcus spp.: Tapeworms that Pose a Danger to Both Animals and Humans – a Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brožová ◽  
I. Jankovská ◽  
V. Bejček ◽  
S. Nechybová ◽  
P. Peřinková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Echinococcus Spp

Abstract Species of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda; Taeniidae) are minute tapeworms of carnivores. Their larvae are known as hydatids (metacestode), which proliferate asexually in various mammals. Like the majority of cestodes, Echinococcus spp. require two different host species to complete their life cycle. Definitive hosts harbouring the adult cestodes in the small intestine are exclusively carnivores of the Canidae and Felidae families. A wide range of mammal species including humans is susceptible to infection by the metacestode of Echinococcus spp., which develops in their viscera. The disease, caused by species of the genus Echinococcus, is called echinococcosis, and it is one of the most dangerous zoonoses in the world. The traditional species Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis are agents of significant diseases due to the high number of cases and the wide geographical species range. The taxonomy of the genus is controversial; in the current state of ongoing complex revisions, the agent of cystic echinococcosis E. granulosus sensu lato is divided into five species (E. granulosus sensu stricto, E. felidis, E. equinus, E. ortleppi, E. canadensis), in addition to the agents of alveolar echinococcosis (E. multilocularis, E. shiquicus) and polycystic/unicystic echinococcosis (E. vogeli, E. oligarthrus). Here we provide an overview of the current situation, which continues to develop.

scholarly journals Cestodes of the genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 sensu stricto from pocket gophers Geomys and Thomomys spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in Colorado and Oregon, with a discriminant analysis of four species of Hymenolepis

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Lyell Gardner ◽  
Gerald D. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Geomys Bursarius

Cestodes found to represent previously undescribed members of the genus Hymenolepis s.str. (Yamaguti 1959) were recovered from pocket gophers, Geomys bursarius (Shaw), in northeastern Colorado. Hymenolepis weldensis n.sp. and Hymenolepis geomydis n.sp., not occurring together in any individual host, were found in 3 and 8%, respectively, of pocket gophers examined for helminths. The life cycle of H. weldensis was completed in the laboratory using beetles, Tenebrio molitor (L.), as intermediate hosts, and pocket gophers of three genera (Geomys, Thomomys, and Pappogeomys) as definitive hosts. Development of H. weldensis did not occur in laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout). Morphologic relationships four species of Hymenolepis (H. diminuta, H. tualatinensis, H. weldensis, and H. geomydis) were analyzed using multiple discriminant function analysis, which clearly allocated individual cestodes to the respective groups and discriminated species.

The life cycle of Hunterella nodulosa Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1962 (Cestoidea: Caryophyllidea)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight R. Mudry ◽  
Hisao P. Arai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Experimental Infections

The life cycle of Hunterella nodulosa Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1962 is described. Eggs contain oncospheres after 15–16 days at 20 °C. The pattern of growth in size and organ development of procercoids in experimentally infected Limnodrilus udekemianus is described. Catostomus commersoni was successfully infected with procercoids from experimental infections, and development of adults was followed for 50 days. The pattern of growth in size and organ development for adult H. nodulosa is illustrated.

Experimental Infections of Farmed Eels with Different Trypanosoma granulosum Life-Cycle Stages and Investigation of Pleomorphism

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Annetta Zintl ◽  
H. Paul Voorheis ◽  
Celia V. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Life Cycle Stages

The life-cycle of Echinoparyphium serratum sp.nov. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Bile Composition ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Experimental Infections

Echinoparyphium serratum sp.nov., with 37 collar spines, is described from experimentally infected ducklings and chickens. It appears to be most closely related to E. aconiatum but differs from it in having smaller eggs, fewer tegument spines, almost confluent vitellaria in the post-testicular region, and the inner margin of the ventral sucker is serrated. The natural host is unknown but thought to be a bird.Bile composition may account for the markedly different recovery percentages of adult worms from the two experimental hosts.Miracidia hatch between 9 and 11 days at 22 °C. Experimental infections of snails with miracidia have not been obtained.Rediae occur naturally in Isidorella brazieri Smith, and free-swimming cercariae encyst in the pericardium of the same species of snail.This latter part of the life-cycle is based on strong circumstantial evidence. A few cysts were occasionally found in the pericardium of Lenameria sp. but the enclosed metacercariae were dead.The cercaria can be distinguished from Cercaria echinata, the cercaria of E. aconiatum, and C. equispinosa in having cystogenous gland cells containing granular material only, and the inner margin of the ventral sucker serrated.I would like to record my sincere thanks to Professor J. D. Smyth for his advice, and comments on the manuscript.

The life cycle of Haplorchis pumilio (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the Indian region

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Umadevi ◽  
R. Madhavi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indian Region ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Haplorchis Pumilio ◽  
Thiara Tuberculata

AbstractThe life cycle of the heterophyid fluke, Haplorchis pumilio is elucidated for the first time from the Indian region. Various stages in the life cycle were established based on observations made on natural infections found in snails and fish in a freshwater stream at Visakhapatnam, India and experimental infections carried out in the laboratory. The thiarid snail, Thiara tuberculata served as the first intermediate host and a wide range of freshwater fish as second intermediate hosts. Natural infections with adult flukes were found in the piscivorous birds Ardeola grayii and Bubulcus ibis. Adults were raised experimentally in day-old chicks. Distinguishing features of the cercaria of H. pumilio are: a large body size (200–224×92–96 μm), body–tail ratio of 1:2.1 and densely distributed pigment granules in the parenchyma imparting a brownish tinge to the body. Natural infections with metacercariae were found in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus, C. orientalis, Puntius sophore, Gambusia affinis and fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio and Liza macrolepis. Additionally, experimental infections were established in Therapon jarbua, Esomus danricus and Oreochromis mossambica. Metacercariae were embedded in the caudal muscles of fish and heavy infections induced mortality. Metacercariae were infective at about 15 days of age.

Slaughterhouse survey of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep from the Republic of Moldova

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Chihai ◽  
G. Umhang ◽  
D. Erhan ◽  
F. Boué ◽  
N. Tălămbuţă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm is responsible for cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. The life cycle of the parasite is mainly domestic and takes place between dogs and livestock species. A slaughterhouse survey was conducted in 2012 in the Republic of Moldova in order to estimate the prevalence of CE. A total of 1525 cattle, 5580 sheep and 12,700 pigs were surveyed. No CE infection was observed in pigs, while prevalence was estimated at 59.3% in cattle and 61.9% in sheep. Infection was significantly higher in animals raised in private households than in those from collective farms. The frequency of infection increased with age in both species. In cattle and in sheep, infection of both the liver and lungs was the most common, while infection in the lungs only was much less frequent. Farm type appears to be an important factor in CE infection in Moldova, due to the extensive farming and the home-slaughtering undertaken in the majority private sector, despite a high prevalence of CE also recorded in the public sector. The low fertility of cysts in cattle (1.1%) compared to sheep (47.6%) confirmed the maintenance of E. granulosussensu stricto in a dog–sheep life cycle which excludes cattle. Further studies are needed to obtain a complete overview of the parasite's epidemiology in its intermediate and definitive hosts, in order to implement control and preventive measures, with specific attention given to farms in the private sector.

On the Development, in Culicoides furens Poey, of Filaria (= Mansonella) ozzardi Manson, 1897

1934 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. C. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Infective Larva ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Advanced Stages

1. The life-cycle of Filaria ozzardi was studied in St. Vincent, B.W.I.2. Culicoides furens Poey, a common sandfly in Calliaqua, where a 37·7% human infection was found, was used in the experimental infections.3. Two hundred sand-flies, collected at Calliaqua, were given an infective feed of blood of F. ozzardi carriers. Of these flies, fifty-five, i.e., 27·5%, were subsequently found to be infected with developing stages of the parasite. The ingested microfilariae migrated within 24 hours to the thorax, where the entire morphological development takes place. In flies which were kept alive for seven or eight days, advanced stages were found in the thorax and head, and their emergence from the proboscis was induced by slight pressure on the head.4. The development in the sandfly consists of a metamorphosis from the 1st stage or “sausage” larva to a 2nd stage larva during the first 3 to 4 days, and from this stage to a 3rd stage or infective larva on the fifth or sixth day. Two ecdyses occur during these metamorphoses, which are discussed in relation to the other human filarial parasites.5. Five per cent. of C. furens caught at Calliaqua were found to be naturally infected with developing larvae, apparently F. ozzardi.6. The possibility that C. paraensis, another species in Calliaqua, may also act as a vector, is not excluded.

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