Amortizing fund financing for applied research, development, and demonstration of advanced electric energy production and distribution systems

To address the issues of aging of energy production and distribution systems, and those associated with durability and reliability of new systems, improvements in the methods for service life prediction are needed to adequately account for the contributions of material and environmental variables. A mechanistically based probability approach is proposed. The efficacy of this approach and the importance of materials considerations are discussed. Support of research, utilizing this approach to address specific failure mechanisms, is recommended.

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Less than half of the European dietary recommendations for fish consumption are satisfied by national seafood supplies

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02580-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anneli Lofstedt ◽

Baukje de Roos ◽

Paul G. Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Fish Consumption ◽

Food Systems ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Production Systems ◽

National Level ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Balance Sheets ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Production And Distribution ◽

Per Capita

Abstract Purpose To review the seafood dietary recommendations of European countries and compare them to national seafood supplies. Methods Current seafood dietary recommendations were collated from national health authorities across Europe. Food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAO, and appropriate conversion factors were applied to each seafood commodity. Average net per capita seafood supplies from 2007 to 2017 were derived from data on imports and production for food from both capture fisheries and aquaculture, accounting for exports. Results Both national dietary recommendations and seafood supplies varied considerably throughout Europe. At a national level, on a per capita basis, only 13 out of the 31 of European dietary recommendations for fish consumption were satisfied by national seafood supplies. Most of the countries with coastal access, as well as those with traditional fish-eating cultures, such as France and countries in Northern Europe, had adequate seafood supplies to meet their recommendations. The landlocked countries of Central and Eastern Europe did not have enough seafood supplies to satisfy their recommendations. Conclusions Our findings emphasise the need to not only consider consumer health outcomes when developing and advocating dietary recommendations, but also the sustainability of food production systems. As many foods are not necessarily locally sourced but traded as part of global production and distribution systems, it is important to consider greater consistency between national dietary recommendations to facilitate more sustainable marine food systems.

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The zooarchaeological identification of a ‘Morisco’ community after the Christian conquest of Granada (Spain, early 16th century): sociocultural continuities and economic innovations

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12520-021-01288-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Marcos García-García ◽

Guillermo García-Contreras ◽

Michelle M. Alexander ◽

Rowena Y. Banerjea ◽

Aleks Pluskowski

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Meat Products ◽

Early Modern Period ◽

16Th Century ◽

Existing Structures ◽

Production And Distribution ◽

Surrounding Landscape ◽

The Middle Ages

AbstractThis article presents the results of the zooarchaeological analysis of an assemblage dating to the second quarter of the 16th century that was discovered on the current university campus of Cartuja, on the outskirts of Granada (Andalusia, Spain). During the Middle Ages, this area was largely used for agricultural purposes, including as estates owned by high officials of the Nasrid dynasty, the last Islamicate polity in the Iberian Peninsula. The Castilian conquest of Granada in 1492 brought significant changes to the area, with the construction of a Carthusian monastery and the transformation of the surrounding landscape, including changes in property structures, different agrarian regimes and the demolition of pre-existing structures. Among these transformations was the filling up of a well with construction materials, and its further use as a rubbish dump. This fill yielded an interesting and unique zooarchaeological assemblage, the study of which is presented here. The results advance our understanding of changing patterns in animal consumption during the formative transition from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern period at the heart of the former Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, and indicate the continuity of some Andalusi consumption patterns along with specialised production and distribution systems of meat products that have no archaeological precedent in the region, suggesting that the bones were dumped by a possible ‘Morisco’ community (autochthonous Muslims forced to convert to Christianity in 1502).

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Cross-Docking Operations for Supply Chain Logistics in JIT Production and Distribution Systems

Journal of the Institute of Engineering ◽

10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5114 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1-2) ◽

pp. 219-230

Author(s):

Gyan Bahadur Thapa ◽

Tanka Nath Dhamala ◽

Shankar Raj Pant

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Operation Time ◽

Just In Time ◽

Sequencing Problem ◽

Supply Chain Logistics ◽

Research Areas ◽

Cross Docking ◽

Production And Distribution ◽

Multi Level

The multi-level production problem is one of the challenging research areas in supply chain management. We present brief literature review and mathematical models of multi-level just-in-time sequencing problem with a view of cross-docking approach for supply chain logistics. Describing cross-docking operations, we propose a mathematical model for the cross-docking supply chain logistics problem to minimize the operation time as truck sequencing problem. We establish a proposition as the synthesis of the production and logistics.Key Words: Just-in-time; Supply chain; Logistics; Cross-dock; Operation timeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5114Journal of the Institute of Engineering Vol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 219-230Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011

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Energy production and distribution

Safety, Reliability and Risk Analysis ◽

10.1201/9781482266481-371 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 2711-2712

Keyword(s):

Energy Production ◽

Production And Distribution

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Electric systems failures produced by CG lightning in Eastern Amazonia

Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia ◽

10.1590/0102-778620130028 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (spe) ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Paula Paes dos Santos ◽

José Ricardo Santos de Souza ◽

Everaldo Barreiros de Souza ◽

Alexandre de Melo Casseb do Carmo ◽

Wanda Maria do Nascimento Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Energy Distribution ◽

Transmission Lines ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Electricity Distribution ◽

Power Outages ◽

Lightning Strikes ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

The Pacific ◽

Cg Lightning

Operational records of power outages of the electric energy distribution systems in eastern Amazonia presented a large number of events attributed to lightning strikes, during the 2006 to 2009 period. The regional electricity concessionary data were compared to actual lightning observations made by SIPAM's LDN system, over two areas where operational sub systems of transmission lines are installed. Statistical relations were drawn between the monthly lightning occurrence density and the number of power outages of the electric systems for both areas studied. The results showed that, although with some delays between these variables peaks, the number of power disruptions has a tendency to follow the behavior of the lightning occurrence densities variations. The numerical correlations were positive and may be useful to the transmission lines maintenance crews at least for the Belém-Castanhal electricity distribution sub system. Evidence was found, that the SST's over certain areas of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, influence convection over the area of interest, and may help to prognosticate the periods of intense electric storms, requiring repair readiness for the regional electric systems.

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From Hierarchical Control to Flexible Interactive Electricity Services: A Path to Decarbonization

International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing ◽

10.46300/9106.2021.15.168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 1558-1570

Author(s):

Marija D. Ilic ◽

Pedro M. S. Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Power Flow ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Hierarchical Control ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Specific Model ◽

Net Energy ◽

Primary Control ◽

Interaction Variables ◽

And Control

We propose to conceptualise electric energy systems as complex dynamical systems using physically intuitive multilayered energy modelling as the basis for systematic diverse technology integration, and control in on-line operations. It is shown that such modelling exhibits unique structure which comes from the conservation of instantaneous power (P) and of instantaneous reactive power ( _Q), (interaction variables (intVar)) at the interfaces of subsystems. The intVars are used as a means to model and control the interactive zoomed-out inter-modular (inter-area, inter-component) system dynamics. Control co-design can then be pursued using these models so that the primary control shapes intVars of its own module by using its own lowlevel detailed technology-specific model and intVar info exchange with the neighbours. As a result, we describe how the proposed approach can be used to support orderly evolution from today’s hierarchical control to a platform enabling flexible interactive protocols for electricity services. The potential for practical use of the proposed concepts is far-reaching and transparent. All that needs to be conceived is that intVar characterising any intelligent Balancing Authority (iBA) is a generalisation of today’s Area Control Error (ACE) characterising net energy balance of a Balancing Authority (BA). An iBA can be any subsystem with its own sub-objectives, such as distributed energy resources (DERs) comprising customers and grid forming microgrids; distribution systems; transmission systems; Independent System Operators (ISOs); and, ultimately, electric energy markets within large interconnection. Several industry problems are described as particular sub-problems of general interactive electricity services. These formulations help one compare models and assumptions used as part of current solutions, and propose enhanced solutions. Most generally, feasibility and stability conditions can be introduced for ensuring feasible power flow solutions, regulated frequency and voltage and orderly power exchange across the iBAs.

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Net demand short-term forecasting in a distribution substation with PV power generation

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015201001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 01001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eduardo Garcia-Garrido ◽

Montserrat Mendoza-Villena ◽

Pedro M. Lara-Santillan ◽

Enrique Zorzano-Alba ◽

Alberto Falces

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Optimal Operation ◽

Electric Energy Consumption ◽

Short Term Forecasting ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Pv Power Generation

The integration of renewable energies, specifically solar energy, in electric distribution systems is increasingly common. For an optimal operation, it is very important to forecast the final net demand of the power distribution network, considering the variability of solar energy combined with the variability of the electric energy consumption habits of population. This paper presents the methodology followed to forecast the net demand in a power distribution substation. Two approaches are considered, the net demand direct prediction, and the indirect prediction with the forecasts of PV power generation and load demand. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based models and autoregressive models with exogenous variables (ARX) are used to predict the net demand, directly and indirectly, for the 24 hours of the day-ahead. The methodology is applied to a medium voltage distribution substation and the direct and indirect forecasts are compared.

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