Serum bile acids as related to bile acid secretion in liver disease

The effects of norcholate (a C23 bile acid that differs from cholate in having a side chain containing four rather than five carbon atoms) on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion were compared with those of cholate, using the anesthetized rat with a bile fistula. Norcholate and cholate were infused intravenously over the range of 0.6-6.0 mumol X min-1 X kg-1. Both bile acids were quantitatively secreted into bile; norcholate was secreted predominantly in unconjugated form in contrast to cholate, which was secreted predominantly as its taurine or glycine conjugates. The increase in bile flow per unit increase in bile acid secretion induced by norcholate infusion [17 +/- 3.2 (SD) microliters/mumol, n = 8] was much greater than that induced by cholate infusion (8.6 +/- 0.9 microliters/mumol, n = 9) (P less than 0.001). Both bile acids induced phospholipid and cholesterol secretion. For an increase in bile acid secretion (above control values) of 1 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, the increases in phospholipid secretion [0.052 +/- 0.024 (SD) mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9] and cholesterol secretion (0.0071 +/- 0.0033 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9) induced by norcholate infusion were much less than those induced by cholate infusion (0.197 +/- 0.05 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9, and 0.024 +/- 0.011 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9, respectively; P less than 0.001 for both phospholipid and cholesterol). The strikingly different effects of norcholate on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion were attributed mainly to its possessing a considerably higher critical micellar concentration than cholate.

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Serum bile acids and bile acid tolerance tests in liver disease

Bile Acids in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-7769-6_16 ◽

1983 ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. Paumgartner ◽

G. A. Mannes ◽

F. Stellaard

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Acid Tolerance ◽

Serum Bile Acids

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Serum Bile Acids in Patients with Liver Disease

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/11.5.547 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 547-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel J Levin ◽

Morton K Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Liver Metastases ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Serum Bile Acids ◽

Yield Information

Abstract By means of a sensitive fluorometric technic, serum bile acids were determined in patients with various liver diseases. Correlations were shown between the bile acid values and those of transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in cases of liver metastases, and bile acid and transaminase values in cases of viral hepatitis. For most clinical purposes, however, the determination does not yield information which cannot be obtained more readily using currently accepted methods.

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Bile Acid Signaling: Mechanism for Bariatric Surgery, Cure for NASH?

Digestive Diseases ◽

10.1159/000371699 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 440-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Rohit Kohli ◽

Andriy Myronovych ◽

Brandon K. Tan ◽

Rosa-Maria Salazar-Gonzalez ◽

Lili Miles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Adjustable Gastric Band ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Signaling Mechanism ◽

Serum Bile Acids ◽

Long Run

Bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment option for obesity today. More importantly, beyond weight loss, bariatric procedures have many advantageous metabolic effects including reversal of obesity-related liver disease - nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is an important comorbidity of obesity given that it is a precursor to the development of liver cirrhosis that may necessitate liver transplantation in the long run. Simultaneously, we and others have observed increased serum bile acids in humans and animals that undergo bariatric surgery. Specifically, our preclinical studies have included experimental procedures such as ‘ileal transposition' or bile diversion and established procedures such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the adjustable gastric band. Importantly, these effects are not simply the result of weight loss since our data show that the resolution of NASH and increase in serum bile acids are not seen in rodents that lose an equivalent amount of weight via food restriction. In particular, we have studied the role of altered bile acid signaling, in the potent impact of a bariatric procedure termed ‘vertical sleeve gastrectomy' (VSG). In this review we focus on the mechanisms of NASH resolution and weight loss after VSG surgery. We highlight the fact that bariatric surgeries can be used as ‘laboratories' to dissect the mechanisms by which these procedures work to improve obesity and fatty liver disease. We describe key bile acid signaling elements that may provide potential therapeutic targets for ‘bariatric-mimetic technologies' that could produce benefits similar to bariatric surgery - but without the surgery!

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Colesevelam Reduces Ethanol-Induced Liver Steatosis in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10061496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1496

Author(s):

Noemí Cabré ◽

Yi Duan ◽

Cristina Llorente ◽

Mary Conrad ◽

Patrick Stern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Bile Acid Metabolism ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Serum Bile Acids ◽

Gnotobiotic Mice ◽

Related Liver Disease

Alcohol-related liver disease is associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Functional changes in the microbiota affect bile acid metabolism and result in elevated serum bile acids in patients with alcohol-related liver disease. The aim of this study was to identify the potential role of the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam in a humanized mouse model of ethanol-induced liver disease. We colonized germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice with feces from patients with alcoholic hepatitis and subjected humanized mice to the chronic–binge ethanol feeding model. Ethanol-fed gnotobiotic mice treated with colesevelam showed reduced hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, but liver injury and inflammation were not decreased as compared with non-treated mice. Colesevelam reduced hepatic cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (Cyp7a1) protein expression, although serum bile acids were not lowered. In conclusion, our findings indicate that colesevelam treatment mitigates ethanol-induced liver steatosis in mice.

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Bile acids of patients with renal failure (Possibility of bile acid secretion in the distal tubule)

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80699-5 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 152 (1) ◽

pp. 197-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nobuo Yamaga ◽

Koichi Adachi ◽

Hiromi Kohara ◽

Kyutaro Shimizu

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Acid Secretion ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Distal Tubule ◽

Failure Possibility ◽

Bile Acid Secretion

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Serum Bile Acids in Cholestatic Liver Disease: Their Measurement and Significance

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456327200900137 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 9 (1-6) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. M. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Specific Method ◽

Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽

Serum Bile Acids

A relatively rapid and specific method for the estimation of serum individual bile acids, conjugated and free, in small volumes (1 ml) of sera from patients with liver disease has been developed. This method has been applied to a study of 25 patients with liver disease. Cholestatic liver disease has been found to be associated with an increase in serum monohydroxy bile acids which appear to be of an unsaturated nature. No association was found between the concentration of any particular bile acid and the presence or absence of pruritus.

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