scholarly journals A non-local representation of the effective potential due to a molecular fragment

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Colle ◽  
Alessandro Curioni ◽  
Oriano Salvetti
Keyword(s):  
Effective Potential ◽  
Molecular Fragment ◽  
Local Representation ◽  
Non Local

Extremely Compact Non-local Representation Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansheng You ◽  
Xiangzeng Zhou ◽  
Yingya Zhang ◽  
Pan Pan ◽  
Yinghui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Representation Learning ◽  
Local Representation ◽  
Non Local

scholarly journals Algorithm using supervised subspace learning and non-local representation for pose variation recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 528-537
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Liao ◽  
Changzhi Wang ◽  
Xiaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Subspace Learning ◽  
Local Representation ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Pose Variation

NON-LOCAL INFLATION AROUND A LOCAL MAXIMUM

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES E. LIDSEY
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
String Field Theory ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Higher Derivative ◽  
Exponential Expansion ◽  
Local Field Theory ◽  
Non Local

It is shown that non-local, higher-derivative operators, which arise generically in string field theory, can act as additional sources of friction on the inflaton field as it rolls away from a maximum in its potential. Moreover, the cosmic dynamics can be quantified in terms of a local field theory, where the curvature of an effective potential has been suppressed. A prolonged phase of quasi-exponential expansion can therefore be realised with steep potentials that typically arise in particle physics models. We illustrate this effect within the context of p-adic string theory.

Toward High-Resolution Low-Voltage SEM

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Recently, low voltage (≤5kV) scanning electron microscopes have become popular because of their unprecedented advantages, such as minimized charging effects and smaller specimen damage, etc. Perhaps the most important advantage of LVSEM is that they may be able to provide ultrahigh resolution since the interaction volume decreases when electron energy is reduced. It is obvious that no matter how low the operating voltage is, the resolution is always poorer than the probe radius. To achieve 10Å resolution at 5kV (including non-local effects), we would require a probe radius of 5∽6 Å. At low voltages, we can no longer ignore the effects of chromatic aberration because of the increased ratio δV/V. The 3rd order spherical aberration is another major limiting factor. The optimized aperture should be calculated as

Chromatic aberration and low-voltage SEM

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao ◽  
A.V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Energy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Optical Treatment ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

For scanning electron microscopes, it is plausible that by lowering the primary electron energy, one can decrease the volume of interaction and improve resolution. As shown by Crewe /1/, at V0 =5kV a 10Å resolution (including non-local effects) is possible. To achieve this, we would need a probe size about 5Å. However, at low voltages, the chromatic aberration becomes the major concern even for field emission sources. In this case, δV/V = 0.1 V/5kV = 2x10-5. As a rough estimate, it has been shown that /2/ the chromatic aberration δC should be less than ⅓ of δ0 the probe size determined by diffraction and spherical aberration in order to neglect its effect. But this did not take into account the distribution of electron energy. We will show that by using a wave optical treatment, the tolerance on the chromatic aberration is much larger than we expected.

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