Statistical analysis of the functional connections between the neurons of the visual and motor cortex in different forms of conditioned reflex behavior

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
G. Kh. Merzhanova ◽  
A. I. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Functional Connections

scholarly journals Rubber hand illusion modulates the influences of somatosensory and parietal inputs to the motor cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina Isayama ◽  
Michael Vesia ◽  
Gaayathiri Jegatheeswaran ◽  
Behzad Elahi ◽  
Carolyn A. Gunraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Afferent Inhibition ◽  
Posterior Parietal

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) paradigm experimentally produces an illusion of rubber hand ownership and arm shift by simultaneously stroking a rubber hand in view and a participant’s visually occluded hand. It involves visual, tactile, and proprioceptive multisensory integration and activates multisensory areas in the brain, including the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Multisensory inputs are transformed into outputs for motor control in association areas such as PPC. A behavioral study reported decreased motor performance after RHI. However, it remains unclear whether RHI modifies the interactions between sensory and motor systems and between PPC and the primary motor cortex (M1). We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and examined the functional connections from the primary somatosensory and association cortices to M1 and from PPC to M1 during RHI. In experiment 1, short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and long-latency afferent inhibition (LAI) were measured before and immediately after a synchronous (RHI) or an asynchronous (control) condition. In experiment 2, PPC-M1 interaction was measured using two coils. We found that SAI and LAI were reduced in the synchronous condition compared with baseline, suggesting that RHI decreased somatosensory processing in the primary sensory and the association cortices projecting to M1. We also found that greater inhibitory PPC-M1 interaction was associated with stronger RHI assessed by questionnaire. Our findings suggest that RHI modulates both the early and late stages of processing of tactile afferent, which leads to altered M1 excitability by reducing the gain of somatosensory afferents to resolve conflicts among multisensory inputs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Perception of one’s own body parts involves integrating different sensory information and is important for motor control. We found decreased effects of cutaneous stimulation on motor cortical excitability during rubber hand illusion (RHI), which may reflect decreased gain of tactile input to resolve multisensory conflicts. RHI strength correlated with the degree of inhibitory posterior parietal cortex-motor cortex interaction, indicating that parietal-motor connection is involved in resolving sensory conflicts and body ownership during RHI.

Effects of acetylcholine and cholinergic transmission blockers on neuronal spike activity in the cat motor cortex associated with conditioned reflex

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-412
Author(s):  
V. M. Storozhuk ◽  
S. F. Ivanova ◽  
V. V. Stezhka
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Cholinergic Transmission ◽  
Neuronal Spike

Statistical analysis of unit activity in the cat motor cortex

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
B. M. Sidorov ◽  
V. V. Shul'govskii ◽  
B. I. Kotlyar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Unit Activity

scholarly journals Propagating patterns of activity across motor cortex facilitate movement initiation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Balasubramanian ◽  
Vasileios Papadourakis ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Kazutaka Takahashi ◽  
Matt Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Movement Onset ◽  
Recruitment Pattern ◽  
Functional Connections

AbstractVoluntary movement initiation involves the modulation of neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) around movement onset. Yet, similar modulations of M1 activity occur during movement planning when no movement occurs. Here, we show that a sequential spatio-temporal pattern of excitability based on beta oscillation amplitude attenuation propagates across M1 prior to the initiation of reaching movements in one of two oppositely oriented directions along the rostro-caudal axis. Using spatiotemporal patterns of intracortical microstimulation, we find that reaction time increases significantly when stimulation is delivered against but not with the natural propagation orientation suggesting that movement initiation requires a precise recruitment pattern in M1. Functional connections among M1 units emerge at movement onset that are oriented along the same rostro-caudal axis but not during movement planning. Finally, we show that beta amplitude profiles can more accurately decode muscle activity when these patterns conform to the natural propagating patterns. These findings provide the first causal evidence that large-scale, spatially organized propagating patterns of cortical excitability and activity are behaviorally relevant and may be a necessary component of movement initiation.

scholarly journals Habenula functional resting-state connectivity in pediatric CRPS

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Erpelding ◽  
Simona Sava ◽  
Laura E. Simons ◽  
Alyssa Lebel ◽  
Paul Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Dorsal Thalamus ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Midcingulate Cortex

The habenula (Hb) is a small brain structure located in the posterior end of the medial dorsal thalamus and through medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) Hb connections, it acts as a conduit of information between forebrain and brainstem structures. The role of the Hb in pain processing is well documented in animals and recently also in acute experimental pain in humans. However, its function remains unknown in chronic pain disorders. Here, we investigated Hb resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) compared with healthy controls. Twelve pediatric patients with unilateral lower-extremity CRPS (9 females; 10–17 yr) and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls provided informed consent to participate in the study. In healthy controls, Hb functional connections largely overlapped with previously described anatomical connections in cortical, subcortical, and brainstem structures. Compared with controls, patients exhibited an overall Hb rsFC reduction with the rest of the brain and, specifically, with the anterior midcingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor cortex, primary motor cortex, and premotor cortex. Our results suggest that Hb rsFC parallels anatomical Hb connections in the healthy state and that overall Hb rsFC is reduced in patients, particularly connections with forebrain areas. Patients' decreased Hb rsFC to brain regions implicated in motor, affective, cognitive, and pain inhibitory/modulatory processes may contribute to their symptomatology.

Statistical analysis of classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
T. J. Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

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