SH3Ps recruit auxilin-like vesicle uncoating factors into clathrin-mediated endocytosis

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is an essential process of cellular cargo uptake operating in all eukaryotes. In animal and yeast, CME involves BAR-SH3 domain proteins, endophilins and amphiphysins, which function at the conclusion of CME to recruit factors for vesicle scission and uncoating. Arabidopsis thaliana contains BAR-SH3 domain proteins SH3P1-3, but their role is poorly understood. We identify SH3P1-3 as functional homologues of endophilin/amphiphysin. SH3P1-3 bind to discrete foci at the plasma membrane (PM), and colocalization indicates late recruitment of SH3P2 to a subset of clathrin-coated pits. PM recruitment pattern of SH3P2 is nearly identical to its interactor, a putative vesicle uncoating factor AUXILIN-LIKE1, and SH3P1-3 are required for most of AUXILIN-LIKE1 PM binding. This indicates a plant-specific modification of CME, where BAR-SH3 proteins recruit auxilin-like uncoating factors, rather than the uncoating phosphatases synaptojanins. Furthermore, we identify an unexpected redundancy between SH3P1-3 and a plant-specific endocytic adaptor, TPLATE complex, showing a contribution of SH3P1-3 to gross CME.

Distribution of a Newly Recorded Gastropod Species, Mainwaringia leithii (Gastropoda, Littorinidae), in Young, Rehabilitated Mangroves in China

The species within the genus Mainwaringia in Littorininae have been recognized as being strongly associated with mangroves; however, their abundance and distribution patterns in mangroves have rarely been reported. In this study, we reported Mainwaringia leithii specimens collected from young, rehabilitated mangroves in Xiamen city as a newly recorded Mainwaringia species in China, based on their DNA barcoding and morphological taxonomy characteristics. The recruitment pattern of this species and its relationships with mangrove species in the early stage of mangrove rehabilitation were also investigated. The snails were mainly collected from the backsides of leaves and from some leaf nodes. Continuous sampling showed the rapid recruitment of M. leithii following mangrove rehabilitation, with a density up to 278 ind m–2 in a 2.5-year-old mangrove site; however, declining densities were observed and snails were only occasionally collected at mangrove sites 4 years after rehabilitation. Aegiceras corniculatum mangroves in shrub form could support a snail abundance higher than that supported by Kandelia obovata mangroves of the same age. The present study suggests that M. leithii could be common in mangrove forests and that intensive changes in its assemblage occurs in the early stage of mangrove rehabilitation. Moreover, the recruitment of M. leithii following mangrove rehabilitation is related to the planting of different mangrove species. The spatio-temporal patterns of M. leithii distribution are likely owing to the variability in habitat characteristics related to mangrove species and stand age. Future studies should give more attention to the ecology of this species in mangrove forests.

Population dynamics of Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) of river Sutlej in Punjab (India)

Aim: The aim of the present paper was to describe first and comprehensive picture on length-weight relationship and population dynamics of riverine Puntius sophore. The findings of the investigation will be an imperative part of the ecological database from river Sutlej. Methodology: The length-frequency data of 579 specimens of P. sophore captured from different stretches of river Sutlej were collected fortnightly from Tajpur fish market and Haibowal fish market (Devnagar) during April 2019 to March 2020. All the population parameters were analyzed using FiSAT II analytical package developed by FAO. Results: The estimated length-weight relationships (LWRs) of combined male and female was derived as W=0.1471 L3.0605 (r=0.98). The growth parameters were L∞=123.5 mm, K=1.18 yr-1, to= -0.7672 yr-1, Rn=0.215 and ø'=4.241. The estimated natural mortality coefficient (1.25 per yr) was greater than fishing mortality (1.03 yr-1).The present level of exploitation (E=0.45, U=0.40) of P. sophore stock indicated that stocks were under-exploited. Prediction of maximum length from extreme values at 95% confidence interval was calculated as 112.48-138.24 mm. The recruitment pattern of P. sophore showed peaks during May and June. Interpretation: The P. sophore stock was under-exploited. The fishing intensity may be standardized to obtain optimum yield per recruit and thereby ideal maximum sustainable yield. This baseline information will help in further studies on the stock assessment and formulating strategies for rational exploitation of the species.

Top-tier liberal arts colleges in the United States and the struggle for racial diversity: re-stating the problem and re-crafting its solution

This study concludes that, despite a rising din of criticism, and despite the existence of alternate assessment frameworks, top-tier liberal arts colleges in the United States measure themselves along axes of wealth and exclusivity, and prioritize their operations accordingly. Paradoxically, though, they articulate diversity, particularly racial diversity, as a key goal. To reconcile their exclusivity with racial diversity, such institutions recruit students that, regardless of race, arrive on campus pre-acculturated to the dominant White culture—a self-defeating recruitment pattern that tends to exclude students not so acculturated. This study reviews various ways such institutions can go about discussing and resolving this inherent conflict at the institutional level and in so doing support minority students from more typical schools and neighborhoods, who become fully immersed in the dominant culture for the first time only upon initiating their post-secondary education.

Recruitment patterns of freshwater amphidromous fishes (Pisces: Gobiidae, Eleotridae) to the Cimaja estuary, Palabuhanratu Bay

The sustainability of amphidromous fishes is determined by the success of the larval recruitment process from marine to freshwaters habitats. This study aimed to determine the recruitment pattern of freshwater amphidromous fish to the Cimaja River estuary, Palabuhanratu Bay in terms of season and daily. Amphidromous fish were caught monthly on the 25th of Hijri or waning crescent from December 2020 to August 2021. Sampling in one whole day with observation intervals every 4 hours was carried out in June 2021 to reveal the time of larvae and juveniles of the amphidromous fish recruit to the Cimaja River estuary. A total of 13 species of amphidromous fishes representing five genera and two families was captured. The recruitment of amphidromous fishes into the Cimaja River occurs between the peak of the rainy season to dry season. Generally, amphidromous recruit into the estuary waters of the Cimaja River is at the juvenile stage (11.9-21.8 mm body length). However, the recruitment of some amphidromous fish species appears at the postflexion stage (6.9-11.9 mm BL). Based on diel observations, larvae and juveniles of amphidromous fish are generally preferred to recruit to the Cimaja River estuary in the early morning (03:00 am) and afternoon (03:00 pm). Recruitment of amphidromous fish larvae to the Cimaja River follows a semi-diurnal tidal cycle which is a tidal type in Palabuhanratu Bay. Amphidromous fishes use tidal flux to recruit and migrate upstream of the Cimaja River through estuaries.

Growth, mortality, exploitation rate and recruitment pattern of Octopus cyanea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the WIO region: A case study from the Mafia Archipelago, Tanzania

Octopus cyanea is a commercially important cephalopod in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region, but scientific information to inform management strategies for the species is limited. A study was conducted in 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018 to investigate biological parameters including growth, mortality, exploitation rates and recruitment patterns in the sea around Mafia Archipelago, Tanzania. Virtual population analysis (VPA) indicated differential mortality between two sampling sites; the lowest and highest fishing mortality of F = 1.5yr-1 and F = 2.7yr-1 were observed in Bwejuu (Dorsal mantle length, DMT = 18-20 cm) and Jibondo (DMT = 8-12 cm) fishing villages, respectively. The maximum exploitation rate (Emax), which gives the maximum relative yield per recruit, was estimated at 0.380 and 0.379 for Jibondo and Bwejuu, respectively. The exploitation rates E 0.5, which corresponded to 50% of the unexploited stock relative biomass per recruit, were estimated at 0.248 for Jibondo and 0.247 for Bwejuu. These values differ greatly from the exploitation rates of 0.53 and 0.41 for Jibondo and Bwejuu, respectively, suggesting that the stock of O. cyanea is probably being overfished both in terms of yield per recruit and biomass per recruit. The stock-recruit pattern was observed to be continuous year-round, with the peak being between May and July. Since the peak in recruitment of both areas coincides with the south-east monsoon (SE Monsoon) and the level of maximum sustainable yield has been overshot, it is recommended that management plans are implemented that will reduce effort while increasing biomass, for example, implementing temporal octopus fishery closures at a village level.

Aspects of Stock Assessment of Klunzinger's Mullet, Planiliza klunzengeri (Day, 1888) from Northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq

The stock assessment of Klunzinger's mullet, Planiliza klunzengeri was conducted, to estimate its some aspects viz. growth, mortality, recruitment, yield-per-recruit and virtual population analysis in Iraqi marine waters, northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq, from February 2020 and January 2021. The population parameters were analyzed by the FiSAT software using monthly length-frequency data collected by the Shaheen dhow and from the artisanal fishermen at the fish landing site in Al-Fao city to derive information required for their management. A total of 3319 individuals of P. klunzingeri ranged from 11.0 to 27.0 cm have been collected. Length-weight relationship was calculated as W= 0.026L2.716. The asymptotic length (L∞), growth rate (K) and the growth performance index (Ø') were 29.8 cm, 0.34 and 2.48, respectively. The rates of annual instantaneous of total mortality (Z), fishing mortality (F), natural mortality (M) and present exploitation (Epresent) were 1.19, 0.84, 0.36 and 0.30, respectively. The recruitment pattern of P. klunzingeri was continuous throughout the year, with one peak during May. The results of virtual population analysis revealed that the majority of P. klunzingeri were harvested between 14 cm and 19 cm. The length at first capture (L50) in the current study was higher than the length at first maturity (Lm) of the species in the region. The Epresent was below the biological target reference points (E0.1= 0.770 and Emax= 0.903), referred to the stock of P. klunzingeri is underexploited. Therefore, the harvest level should increase to its maximum sustainable yield level by increasing fishing effort level with monitoring surveys and evaluate the risk associated with fishing effort increases as fishing precautionary approaches.

Development of Civil Servant Resources at the Silian Raya District Office, Southeast Minahasa Regency

This study aims to analyze the development of Civil Servant resources at the Silian Raya District office, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The focus of research in research is the development of Civil Servant resources through a). through education b). training, c) seminars, d). courses, and e). upgrading. Data collection techniques are through: PNS planning documents, observations, and interviews on a). 6 employees of Silian Raya District, b). Section Head, c). Head of Planning Sub Division, d). Secretary to the sub-district head, e). Camat. The results showed that: a). The recruitment pattern for filling positions at the Silian Raya District Office has not been carried out based on the work tasks needed to achieve organizational goals, b. The form of education carried out to improve civil servants' performance is left to the decision of civil servants to develop higher education levels, c). The training provided to civil servants depends on the availability of district government funds. Based on the results of these studies, it is recommended that: a). The recruitment pattern for filling positions at the Silian Raya District Office is based on achieving organizational goals in the District, b). The form of education carried out to improve civil servants' performance is provided in the form of educational scholarships., c). The training provided to civil servants is adjusted to the needs of the work or position held.

Pola Rekrutmen Penyelenggara Pemilihan Umum Tingkat Kelompok Penyelenggara Pemungutan Suara Di Kecamatan Medan Selayang Pada Pemilihan Umum Serentak Tahun 2019

The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the recruitment process, the impact of the recruitment pattern of the election organizers at the level of the Voting Organizing Group in Medan Selayang District, Medan City on the Integrity of the 2019 Concurrent General Elections. The form of this research is qualitative research with descriptive analysis, to describe and explains in depth the recruitment pattern of election organizers for the Voting Organizing Group (KPPS) which is the spearhead of the implementation of voting and counting of votes in the 2019 Election. The impact of the recruitment pattern of general election organizers at the KPPS level in Medan Selayang District, Medan City on the Integrity of the General Election Concurrent Years 2019, linked by scrutiny, has had a positive impact. Supervision from Bawaslu that has been getting better, the rules and implementing regulations set by the KPU are detailed. Bawaslu already has a very good system. This supervision plays an important role in its implementation to maintain the code of ethics of the organizers, one of which is integrity. The positive impact is evident from the fact that KPPS Medan Selayang is able to carry out its duties properly, following established procedures and regulations, there are no reports of complaints, either from Bawaslu, witnesses from parties / pairs of candidates, or the public. The election activities were carried out in an orderly and conducive manner, according to schedule, and the counting of votes was transparent. KPPS is wise. The public can exercise their voting rights in an orderly and comfortable manner. TPS locations are well prepared. Good approach and communication with local residents.