Effect of dietary protein on locomotor activity during chronic lead exposure in male and female rats

AbstractThe prescription opioid oxycodone is widely used for the treatment of pain in humans. Oxycodone misuse is more common among people with an anxiety disorder than those without one. Therefore, oxycodone might be misused for its anxiolytic properties. We investigated if oxycodone affects anxiety-like behavior in adult male and female rats. The rats were treated with oxycodone (0.178, 0.32, 0.56, or 1 mg/kg), and anxiety-like behavior was investigated in the elevated plus-maze test. Immediately after the elevated plus-maze test, a small open field test was conducted to determine the effects of oxycodone on locomotor activity. In the elevated plus-maze test, oxycodone increased the percentage of time spent on the open arms, the percentage of open arm entries, time on the open arms, open arm entries, and the distance traveled. The males treated with vehicle had a lower percentage of open arm entries than the females treated with vehicle, and oxycodone treatment led to a greater increase in the percentage of open arm entries in the males than females. Furthermore, the females spent more time on the open arms, made more open arm entries, spent less time in the closed arms, and traveled a greater distance than the males. In the small open field test, treatment with oxycodone did not affect locomotor activity or rearing. Sex differences were observed; the females traveled a greater distance and displayed more rearing than the males. In conclusion, oxycodone decreases anxiety-like behavior in rats, and oxycodone has a greater anxiolytic-like effect in males than females.

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Neonatal Isolation Stress Inhibits Pre-Weaning Weight Gain and Mild-Stressor Induced Locomotor Activity in Early Adolescent Male and Female Rats

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science ◽

10.4236/jbbs.2015.57031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (07) ◽

pp. 306-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Villavecchia ◽

Mindy J. D. Miserendino

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Female Rats ◽

Early Adolescent ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Male And Female ◽

Isolation Stress ◽

Male And Female Rats

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Manipulation Effects, Open-Field Experience and Digestive Transit Time in Wistar Male and Female Rats

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1966.19.2.375 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 375-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ethel Tobach

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Open Field ◽

Transit Time ◽

Field Experience ◽

The Other ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Field Situation ◽

Old Rats

14 male and 16 female Wistar (DAB) 113-day-old rats were observed in an open-field situation, in their home cages after manipulation, and in home cages without manipulation. Incidences of defecation and urination, locomotor activity, and digestive transit time were recorded during 4-min. sessions for 6 days. Animals were more likely to eliminate in the open-field situation than in their home cages, and more rats eliminated in this group than in the other two groups. It appears that the effect of the open-field situation on eliminative behavior is not related to that of manipulation incident to the observation of the animal in the open field. The decrease in digestive transit time of animals placed in the open field further suggests that the open-field situation is more effective than manipulation in modifying digestive transit time.

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Cocaine-and-Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) peptide attenuates dopamine- and cocaine-mediated locomotor activity in both male and female rats: Lack of sex differences

Neuropeptides ◽

10.1016/j.npep.2014.01.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 75-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Martin O. Job ◽

JoAnna Perry ◽

Li L. Shen ◽

Michael J. Kuhar

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Cart Peptide

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Adverse Social Experiences in Adolescent Rats Results in Persisting Sex-Dependent Effects on Alcohol-Seeking Behavior

10.1101/2020.12.07.411306 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akseli Surakka ◽

Valentina Vengeliene ◽

Ivan Skorodumov ◽

Marcus Meinhardt ◽

Anita C. Hansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Peer Rejection ◽

Social Experiences ◽

Reward Sensitivity ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

Alcohol Seeking

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating clinical evidence suggests women with prior exposure to adverse childhood experiences are more susceptible to alcohol relapse and other health-related issues. Yet, preclinical studies investigating sex-dependent effects of adolescent adverse social experiences (ASEs) on later alcohol-seeking behavior are lacking. This is mainly due to a lack of valid animal models and a shortage of studies comparing sexes. Therefore, we sought to investigate the sex-dependent effects of ASE on adult alcohol-seeking behavior, locomotion and reward sensitivity in both male and female rats.MethodsWe recently developed a rat model for adolescent peer-rejection which allows us to study the long-term consequences of ASEs. Peer-rejection interferes with adolescent rats‘ability to engage in adequate and reciprocal play behaviors that result in persistent dysregulation of social and pain-related behavior. Adolescent Wistar rats were reared from postnatal day (pd) 21 to pd 50 either within a group of Fischer 344 rats (ASE) or with Wistar rats (control). Adult male and female rats were tested in the reinstatement paradigm for cue-induced alcohol-seeking behavior, circadian locomotor activity, and sucrose consumption in adulthood long-after the termination of the peer-rejection condition.ResultsPeer-rejection induced persistent sex-dependent changes to cue-induced reinstatement. Females showed an increased reinstatement effect while peer-rejected males demonstrated a decrease. No differences were observed in circadian locomotor activity or reward sensitivity to sucrose.ConclusionsPeer-rejection has lasting sex-dependent consequences on alcohol-seeking behavior without affecting locomotion or sweet reward sensitivity. Our results suggest that peer-rejected female rats represent a vulnerable population to study relapse-like behaviors similar to clinical findings. While males seem to buffer the peer-rejection effect and demonstrate resilience to later-life alcohol-seeking behaviors, measured by the reinstatement effect. Finally, we provide a novel approach to investigate the molecular and neurobiological underpinnings of ASEs on alcohol and other drug-seeking behaviors.

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Neonatal Stress Has a Long-Lasting Sex-Dependent Effect on Anxiety-Like Behavior and Neuronal Morphology in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus

Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1159/000486619 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 93-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Silvana Regina de Melo ◽

Caren Tatiane de David Antoniazzi ◽

Shakhawat Hossain ◽

Bryan Kolb

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Maternal Separation ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Insular Cortex ◽

Neuronal Morphology ◽

Female Rats ◽

Spine Density ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats

The long-lasting effects of early stress on brain development have been well studied. Recent evidence indicates that males and females respond differently to the same stressor. We examined the chronic effects of daily maternal separation (MS) on behavior and cerebral morphology in both male and female rats. Cognitive and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated, and neuroplastic changes in 2 subregions of the prefrontal cortex (dorsal agranular insular cortex [AID] and cingulate cortex [Cg3]) and hippocampus (CA1 and dentate gyrus) were measured in adult male and female rats. The animals were subjected to MS on postnatal day (P) 3–14 for 3 h per day. Cognitive and emotional behaviors were assessed in the object/context mismatch task, elevated plus maze, and locomotor activity test in early adulthood (P87–P95). Anatomical assessments were performed in the prefrontal cortex (i.e., cortical thickness and spine density) and hippocampus (i.e., spine density). Sex-dependent effects were observed. MS increased anxiety-related behavior only in males, whereas locomotor activity was higher in females, with no effects on cognition. MS decreased spine density in the AID and increased spine density in the CA1 area in males. Females exhibited an increase in spine density in the Cg3. Our findings confirm previous work that found that MS causes long-term behavioral and anatomical effects, and these effects were dependent on sex and the duration of MS stress.

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