Least Square Analysis of Variance for the Assessment of Natural Consequences for Birth Weight, Weaning Weight, Yearling Weight, Pre-weaning Daily Weight Acquire, and Greasy Fleece Weight of Kajli Sheep in Pakistan

The current study was completed to analyze the effect of natural components on various improvement affecting traits of Kajli sheep in Pakistan. For this reason, we apply two huge contemporary datasets in sheep to explore factors that influence the traits. Therefore, the generation information record of 13715 Kajli sheep lambing accumulated from 1994 to 2010 at Livestock Experimental Stations Khushab and Khizarabad, Punjab. Information records were genuinely analyzed through utilizing PC modified Mixed Model Harvey’s Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood. The two farms information data was analyzed by utilizing an animal model program. The factual model was incorporated to evaluate the Birth Weight (BW), 120 days at Weaning Weight (WW), Pre-Weaning Average Daily Gain (PRADG), Yearling Weight (YW) and Greasy Fleece Weight (GFW). Year of Birth (YOB), Birth Season (BS), Birth Types (BT) and sex was the fix effect in the model. Results indicated that, the overall general values for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, pre-weaning weight and fleece weight were noted. Year of birth, type of birth, sex, and herd was influenced altogether significantly while, birth weight and greasy fleece weight, the period of birth showed no essential difference. In weaning weight and pre-weaning increment normally, year of birth, sort of birth and herd showed a critical contact except for sex. Male sheep were heavier than female sheep and single conceived sheep were also basically heavier than twins were during offspring birth. Results emulate that the Kajli sheep breed can be improved on through selection and further developed management. The cascade type of influence of the current investigation has levelheaded ramification not just for sheep farming by and by just as for intensified associate of boundaries which definitely convince deviation of weight, weight has become itself essential forecaster of in a matter of seconds wellness results. These outcomes displayed there are complex associations among hereditary qualities and ecological elements of parental, placental and fetal beginning. These are profoundly affected traits by maternal sustenance, genes, be concerned, the executive, environment, occasional diversity of seasons.

Estimation of direct and maternal genetic parameters for weaning weight in Hungarian Simmental cattle

The aim of the current research was to estimate variance components and genetic parameters of weaning weight in Hungarian Simmental cattle. Weaning weight records were obtained from the Association of Hungarian Simmental Breeders. The dataset comprised of 44,278 animals born from 1975 to 2020. The data was analyzed using the restricted maximum likelihood methodology of the Wombat software. We fitted a total of six models to the weaning weight data of Hungarian Simmental cattle. Models ranged from a simple model with animals as the only random effect to a model that had maternal environmental effects as additional random effects as well as direct maternal genetic covariance. Fixed effects in the model comprised of herd, birth year, calving order and sex. Likelihood ratio test was used to determine the best fit model for the data. Results indicated that allowing for direct-maternal genetic covariance increases the direct and maternal effect dramatically. The best fit model had direct and maternal genetic effects as the only random effect with non-zero direct-maternal genetic correlation. Direct heritability, maternal heritability and direct maternal correlation of the best fit model was 0.57, 0.16 and -0.78 respectively. The result indicates that problem of (co-)sampling variation occurs when attempting to partition additive genetic variance into direct and maternal components.

Effect of Breeding Heavier Romney Ewe Lambs at Seven Months of Age on Lamb Production and Efficiency over Their First Three Breeding Seasons

This experiment examined the effect of breeding heavier ewe lambs on lamb production and their efficiency over their first three breeding seasons. Two groups of ewe lambs were bred at seven months of age at an average pre-breeding live weight of either 47.9 ± 0.36 kg (heavy; n = 135) or 44.9 ± 0.49 kg (control; n = 135). Ewe live weight, number of lambs born and weaned, and lamb live weight were recorded until 39 months of age, and efficiency was calculated for each ewe. Although the number and lamb weaning weight did not differ between treatments over three years, when data were pooled, heavier ewe lambs at breeding weaned a greater number of lambs over the three-year period. The total lamb weaning weight over the three-year period increased by 2% for each additional kilogram at ewe lamb breeding. Breeding heavier ewe lambs had no effect on efficiency. These results suggest that although breeding heavier ewe lambs had a positive effect on lamb production over the three-year period, it had no effect on efficiency. Before final recommendations can be made, lifetime performance and longevity to five years of age of heavier ewe lambs at breeding are required.

The Influence of Dietary Gallic Acid on Growth Performance and Plasma Antioxidant Status of High and Low Weaning Weight Piglets

This study evaluated the effects of dietary gallic acid (GA) on growth performance, diarrhea incidence and plasma antioxidant status of weaned piglets regardless of whether weaning weight was high or low. A total of 120 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 42-day experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement comparing different weaning weights (high weight (HW) or low weight (LW), 8.49 ± 0.18 kg vs. 5.45 ± 0.13 kg) and dietary treatment (without supplementation (CT) or with supplementation of 400 mg/kg of GA). The results showed that HW piglets exhibited better growth performance and plasma antioxidant capacity. Piglets supplemented with GA had higher body weight (BW) on day 42 and average daily gain (ADG) from day 0 to 42 compared to the control piglets, which is mainly attributed to the specific improvement on BW and ADG of LW piglets by the supplementation of GA. The decreased values of diarrhea incidence were seen in piglets fed GA, more particularly in LW piglets. In addition, dietary GA numerically reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in plasma of LW piglets. In conclusion, our study suggests that dietary GA may especially improve the growth and health in LW weaned piglets.

Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Fogera and Their Crossbred Calves at Government Ranches in Ethiopia

The economic benefit of dairy products can be enhanced by increasing the efficiency of growth and survival rate of calves. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of non-genetic factors on pre- and post-weaning growth traits and mortality rate of pure Fogera and their F1 cross Fogera × Holstein Friesian calves at the Andassa and Chagni Cattle Breeding and Improvement Ranch. Retrospective types of study design and direct measurement were used to collect the data. A total of 3,626 for pre-weaning weight records and 107 for post-weaning measurements were used for analysis. Genotype, sex, dam parity, year of birth, the season of birth, and location were the considered production factors. The overall least square means (LSM ± SE) of birth weights were 22.33 ± 0.12 and 24.56 ± 0.11 kg for Fogera and their crosses, respectively. The overall LSM ± SE of weaning weights were 93.25 ± 0.85 and 111.63 ± 0.84 kg for Fogera and their cross calves, respectively. The overall post-weaning weight for Fogera and their cross calves were 101.02 ± 1.62 and 111.08 ± 2.65, respectively. All variables considered in the model, except dam parity, significantly (P < 0.05) affected post-weaning weight. The overall recorded mortality rate was 3% which was nearly the optimum that many scholars agreed to successful rearing practices.

Dam effect confirmation on weaning weight of Boer Goat crosses in Indonesia

This study aimed to confirm the present of dam effect on weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses. A total of 1081 weaning weight records (standardized to 77 days) from 527 does and 16 bucks were analyzed. Data were derived from Boer, Boerja F1 (Boer 3 × Jawarandu ?), and Boerja F2 (Boer 3 × Boerja F1 ?). Two statistic models namely Model 1 and Model 2 were compared using F-test for overall significance. Model 1 is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which consist only fixed effect as factor, while Model 2 is mixed model which includes fixed effect as factor and dam as a random effect. The fixed effects in both models are buck, doe type, parity of the dam, sex of kid, birth type, and year of observation. Results showed that buck, doe type, sex, birth type, and observation year affect significantly (P<0.05) to weaning weight, while parity had no effect (P=0.53). Based on the model’s comparison, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between Model 1 and Model 2. Therefore, it is confirmed the present of dam effect on the weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses in the studied population.

Detection of GHR|AluI gene polymorphism and its association with body weight of Madura cattle in Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station

Madura cattle is a one of the native cattle that are genetically tolerant of tropical climates. Madura cattle are one of the beef cattle breeds in Indonesia. Madura cattle can be a superior breed, but improving growth trait in Madura cattle needs to be conducted. The early step that was needed was for detecting the genes which were involved in growth traits. The purpose of this research was for detecting GHR gene polymorphisms and its association with body weight of Madura cattle population in Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station. This study used 110 DNA samples of Madura cattle that was collected from the experimental barn at Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station. DNA samples were extracted by DNA extraction kit. Genotype of GHR gene was detected by PCR-RFLP method using AluI restriction enzymes. In this study, association genotype and body weight was analysed by univariate GLM method. The birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight and 18 months weight of Madura cattle were 16.8±0.3 kg; 82.4±2.3 kg; 124.6±3.7 kg and 166.7±5.0 kg, respectively. The GHR genes of Madura cattle had 3 genotypes AA, AG and GG and genotype frequencies of GHR gene were 0.273 (AA), 0.373 (AG), 0.355 (GG), respectively. Whereas the allele frequencies of A was 0.459 and the allele frequencies of G was 0.541. Based on Chi-square (X2) analysis showed that the population sample was not disequilibrium. The result of association analysis was significant (P <0.05) on weaning weight, yearling weight and 18 month weight. It was concluded that the GHR gene has potential as a genetic marker for growth traits and can be used as MAS in Madura cattle in Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station.

Weaning rate, birth weight, and weaning weight of Jawarandu and Boer crossbreed goat from naturally serviced and artificially inseminated does

Two types of mating had been practiced in the crossbreed of Jawarandu does and Boer buck that produced Boerja goat, the natural service and artificial insemination. This study aimed to compare the weaning rate, birth weight, and weaning weight of offspring from both mating methods and analyze the different birth and weaning weights on different sex and birth type. A total of 271 kids were born from naturally serviced (NS) and artificially inseminated (AI) does (221 and 50, respectively). All kids were managed in the same condition. The number of kid died pre-weaning, birth weight, and weaning weight were recorded and analyzed. The result showed that the weaning rate of AI kids was significantly higher than NS kids. The birth and weaning weights of kids from both groups were not significantly different. Male and single kids had heavier birth and weaning weights than female and twin kids. Overall, the survival rate of AI kids until weaning is better than NS kids. The birth and weaning weight in NS and AI are not different but male and single kids are heavier than female and twin kids in both groups.

Comparison of Aceh cow’s performance on different mating systems at BPTU HPT Indrapuri, Aceh Province, Indonesia

This research aimed to compare Aceh cow’s performance on different mating systems at BPTU HPT Indrapuri, Indonesia. This research uses 202 Aceh cows with varying systems of mating; natural mating (164 cows), and artificial insemination (AI; 38 cows). Cow’s performance data included birth weight, postpartum mating, calving interval, weaning weight, Cow Reproduction Index (CRI), and Cow Production Index (CPI), obtained from the recording in 2014-2019 and calculation. This research uses the Oneway Anova test to analyze the cow’s performance between mating systems. The results of the cow’s performance included birth weight, postpartum mating, calving interval, weaning weight, CRI, and CPI for natural mating system were 14.32±1.41 kg, 265.61±260.0 days, 558,.21±260.07 days, 54.32±19.32 kg, 0.69 calf/cow/year and 37,48 kg/cow/year respectively, while for AI system were 14,98±1,38 kg, 289.34±285,.06 days, 581.94±285.06 days, 59.10±21.83 kg, 0.70 calf/cow/year dan 41.37 kg/kg/cow/year. The results showed that the performance of the Aceh cows with natural mating dan artificial insemination was relatively the same.

Prediction of Lambs Growth From Milk Production and Its Composition in Awassi Sheep and Description of Growth Curve of Non-Linear Function

This study was undertaken at the Ruminant’s Research Station, Office of Agricultural Research/Ministry of Agriculture (20 km west of Baghdad). 102 ewes were used in this study from 1/1/2020- 1/10/2021 to study prediction of lambs growth from milk production and its composition in Awassi sheep and description of growth cure of non–linear function. Simple regression was used to examine relationship between growth traits such as gain, weaning weight, weight at 6 months of age and milk production and its composition. Regression of weaning weight was positive and highly significant (P≤ 0.01) with daily milk yield (DMY) and significant (P≤0.05) with dam’s milk protein percentage (MPP), Analysis of regression also showed significant positive increasing (p≤ 0.05) in lambs' weight at six months of age with increasing of DMY and MPP, where coefficient of regression (CR) amount to 5.006 kg/kg and 0.663 kg/% respectively. Results showed that CR of gain from birth to weaning was highly significant with dam’s DMY, whereas was significant with MPP. Both DMY and MPP had significant and positive relationship with gain between birth weight and weight at six months, where amount of CR was 4.859 kg/kg and 0.619 kg/% with determination coefficient (R2) amount to 0.31 and 0.19 sequentially. Also, positive and significant regression was noticed for gain from birth to 6 months with MPP and milk Solids Not-Fat(SNF) percentages. Exponential functions also were used according to analysis of non-linear regression with calculated R2 for growth in Awassi lambs. Results showed that relationship which derives from regression weight at 6 months on weight at weaning according to equation WT6^=a+b WWT2 is considered the best because increasing value of R2 which was 0.69. we conclude, possibility prediction in lamb’s growth from birth to six months depend on DMY and MPP, also dependence non-linear functions gave an important results to describe growth curves between weaning to 6 months.