Splenomegaly and adrenal weight changes in isolated adult mice chronically exposed to lead

Mallards and domestic ducks are conspecific. Relative adrenal weight is similar in newly hatched mallards and domestic ducks. Immature mallards have higher relative adrenal weights than domestic ducks of similar age. Adult female mallards also have higher relative adrenal weights and a higher proportion of cortex in the adrenal than adult female domestic ducks, but adult males of the two strains fail to show these differences.Adrenal weight is related to testicular weight in mallards and domestic ducks, but no correlation is evident between adrenal weight and weight of the ovary and oviduct in mallards. Mallards show no adrenal weight sex differences at any of the three ages sampled. A seasonal adrenal weight cycle is apparent in both sexes of the mallard with a weight increase related to the breeding season and another increase during the autumn and winter.The higher relative adrenal weights of (immature and adult female) mallards compared to those of domestic ducks are attributed to the mallards' greater exposure to stress. It is suggested that this effect operates also in adult male mallards but is obscured in the comparison with adult male domestic ducks because in the latter, which have much higher testicular weights, another factor responsible for the correlation between adrenal and testicular weight as noted above makes for increased adrenal weights.

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GENETIC VARIATION IN ADRENAL WEIGHT IN YOUNG ADULT MICE

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0490105 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 105-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F. M. BADR ◽

S. G. SPICKETT

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adrenal Weight ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Partial Dominance ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Metrical Character ◽

Classical Pattern ◽

Offspring Genotype ◽

Genetically Determined

SUMMARY Adrenal weight and body weight were measured for 100 mice of each sex of the strains: A/Cam, CBA/FaCam and SF/Cam. This was also done for reciprocal F1 hybrids between A and CBA, for reciprocal backcrosses, and for F2 hybrids. Using regression analysis, adrenal weights were corrected for differences in body weights. Sexes and strains were found to be significantly different with respect to both absolute and corrected adrenal weight. The males of the F1 cross between the A and CBA strains showed partial dominance of the A genotype. Reciprocal F1 females were found to differ significantly. This may be explained in terms of parent-genotype: offspring-genotype interactions. The variances of the heterogeneous stocks: F2, backcross of F1 to A and backcross of F1 to CBA, were found to be significantly higher than those of the homogeneous stocks: A, CBA and F1's. This indicated that at least some of the variation in relative adrenal weight between the strains was genetically determined. The frequency distributions of the ratio of adrenal weight to body weight in F2 and reciprocal backcrosses conformed to the classical pattern of a metrical character.

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Adrenal Weight Changes in Microtus

Journal of Mammalogy ◽

10.2307/1376535 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David A. Mullen

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Weight ◽

Weight Changes

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The N and P genes facilitate pathogenicity of the rabies virus G gene

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/63/2018-vetmed ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 561-570

Author(s):

X.K. Wei ◽

Y.Z. Zhong ◽

Y. Pan ◽

X.N. Li ◽

J.J. Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Reverse Genetic ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Body Weight Changes ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Genetic Technique ◽

Reverse Genetic Technique

To explore the effects of different gene combinations on the pathogenicity of the rabies virus (RABV), six chimeric RABV mutants, rRC-HL(G), rRC-HL(NG), rRC-HL(PG), rRC-HL(NP), rRC-HL(NM) and rRC-HL(NPG), were constructed using a reverse genetic technique based on an avirulent parental rRC-HL strain and a virulent parental GX074 isolate. These mutants were intracerebrally inoculated into adult mice. The results indicated that 102 ffu and 106 ffu of rRC-HL(G), rRC-HL(NG), rRC-HL(PG) and rRC-HL(NPG) were 100% lethal. In the case of intramuscular viral infection, none of the mice inoculated with 102 ffu of any of the RABV mutants, including GX074, died; at 106 ffu, rRC-HL(G) was lethal in 2/5 cases, rRC-HL(NG) was lethal in 1/5 cases and rRC-HL(PG) was lethal for 2/5 mice. The rRC-HL(NPG) mutant was fatal for 3/5 mice, as was the parental GX074. Furthermore, the LD50 values of the chimeric RABV mutants were measured, with the results showing that the LD50 values of both rRC-HL(NG) and rRC-HL(PG) were lower than that of rRC-HL(G), but higher than that of rRC-HL(NPG). Thus, the action of N + G, or P + G, or N + P + G gene combinations may be more pronounced than that of the G gene alone. Body weight changes and the clinical symptoms of the tested mice were consistent with pathogenicity. These data indicate that the N and P genes are involved in and facilitate the pathogenicity of the RABV G gene. These experiments provide further evidence that multi-gene cooperation is responsible for the virulence of RABV.

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EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS AND HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON CORTICOID PRODUCTION IN VITRO AND ON ADRENAL WEIGHT IN RATS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0370279 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 279-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. de Wied

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenal Weight ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Left Adrenal Gland ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

Response To Stress ◽

Adrenal Response ◽

The Right ◽

Intact Rats

ABSTRACT Intact, sham-operated, hypophysectomized rats and rats bearing extensive lesions in the median eminence were stressed by ether anaesthesia. The pituitary-adrenal response to the stress was determined on the in vitro steroidogenesis by adrenal gland slices of the left gland and on adrenal weight changes in the left and right gland. The absence of compensatory adrenal hypertrophy which normally occurs following the removal of the left gland, was used as an index of the inhibition of the secretion of ACTH (corticotrophin) from the adenohypophysis in the lesioned rats. Following ether stress, corticoid production in vitro of the left adrenal gland rose considerably in intact rats. Adrenal response to stress of sham-operated animals was almost similar to that of intact rats at 4, 66 and 162 hours but significantly depressed at 18 hours following operation. Hypophysectomized and lesioned rats, however, failed to exhibit an increased steroidogenesis in vitro following ether stress at the four time intervals studied. Pitressin markedly stimulated corticoidogenesis of adrenals of lesioned rats at 18. 66 and 162 hours following the production of lesions. The weight of the left adrenal gland of lesioned and hypophysectomized rats decreased gradually during the period studied; that of the latter group decreased at a faster rate. Adrenal hypertrophy, usually observed some time after placement of a lesion, did not occur in the lesioned rats of the present experiments. Weight increase of the right adrenal removed one week following extirpation of the left gland, was similar in intact and sham-operated rats, whereas this compensatory adrenal hypertrophy was absent in hypophys-ectomized as well as in lesioned animals.

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Binucleate Spermiogenesis in the Mouse

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010009381x ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 112-113

Author(s):

John J. Wolosewick

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Seminiferous Epithelium ◽

Mouse Testis ◽

Germinal Epithelium ◽

Intercellular Bridges ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Cervical Dislocation ◽

Human And Mouse

Classically, the male germinal epithelium is depicted as synchronously developing uninucleate spermatids conjoined by intercellular bridges. Recently, binucleate and multinucleate spermatids from human and mouse testis have been reported. The present paper describes certain developmental events in one type of binucleate spermatid in the seminiferous epithelium of the mouse.Testes of adult mice (ABP Jax) were removed from the animals after cervical dislocation and placed into 2.5% glutaraldehyde/Millonig's phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Testicular capsules were gently split and separated, exposing the tubules. After 15 minutes the tissue was carefully cut into cubes (approx. 1mm), fixed for an additional 45 minutes and processed for electron microscopy.

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Ineffective Thrombopoiesis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100158881 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 266-267

Author(s):

JM Radley ◽

SL Ellis

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Examination ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Primary Myelofibrosis ◽

Transient Increase ◽

Major Difficulty ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Dense Cytoplasm

In effective thrombopoies is has been inferred to occur in several disease sates from considerations of megakaryocyte mass and platelet kinetics. Microscopic examination has demonstrated increased numbers of megakaryocytes, with a typical forms particularly pronounced, in primary myelofibrosis. It has not been documented if megakaryocyte ever fail to reach maturity in non-pathological situations. A major difficulty of establishing this is that the number of megakaryocytes normally present in the marrow is extremely low. A large transient increase in megakaryocytopoiesis can how ever be induced in mice by an injection of 5-fluorouracil. We have utilised this treatment and report here evidence for in effective thrombopoies is in healthy mice.Adult mice were perfused (2% glutaraldehyde in 0.08M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) 8 days following an injection of 5-fluorouracil (150mg/kg). Femurs were subsequently decalcified in 10% neutral E.D.T.A. and embedded in Spurrs resin. Transverse sections of marrow revealed many megakaryocytes at various stages of maturity. Occasional megakaryocytes (less than 1%) were found to be under going degeneration prior to achieving full maturation and releasing cytoplasm as platelets. These cells were characterized by a peripheral rim of dense cytoplasm which enveloped a mass of organelles and vacuoles (Fig. 1). Numerous microtubules were foundaround and with in the organelle-rich zone (Fig 2).

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