The role of hepatitis E virus in acute sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis

Infection ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Köksal ◽  
K. Aydin ◽  
B. Kardes ◽  
H. Turgut ◽  
F. Murt
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E

scholarly journals First Report of Hepatitis E Virus in Shellfish in Southeast Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Gianfranco La Bella ◽  
Maria Grazia Basanisi ◽  
Gaia Nobili ◽  
Valentina Terio ◽  
Elisabetta Suffredini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Causative Agents

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents one of the principal causative agents of hepatitis globally. Among the five HEV genotypes affecting humans, genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and are the main source of hepatitis E in developed countries. HEV has been detected in several foods. The present work investigated the presence of this virus in shellfish sold at retail in the Apulia region of Italy. The presence of HEV RNA was assessed by real-time RT-PCR in 225 shellfish samples collected during 2018. Overall, two (0.89%) of these samples tested positive for HEV RNA. To our knowledge, this is the first notification of the detection of HEV in mussels sold at retail in the Apulia region. These data highlight the potential role of shellfish as a vehicle for the transmission of viral pathogens.

Higher seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in autoimmune hepatitis: Role of false‐positive antibodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura‐Patricia Llovet ◽  
Jordi Gratacós‐Ginés ◽  
Oswaldo Ortiz ◽  
Sergio Rodriguez‐Tajes ◽  
Sabela Lens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E

Role of hepatitis E virus antigen in confirming active viral replication in patients with acute viral hepatitis E infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Gupta ◽  
Priyanka Pandey ◽  
Shivani Pandey ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Shiv Kumar Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Active Viral Replication

The Role of Hepatitis E Virus Infection among Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis in Southern Saudi Arabia

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandar Al-Knawy ◽  
Awad A. El-Mekki ◽  
Patrice O. Yarbough
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E

scholarly journals Role of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Frias ◽  
Pedro López-López ◽  
Antonio Rivero ◽  
Antonio Rivero-Juarez
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Hepatic Decompensation ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

Chronic liver disease (CLD) with a variety of causes is currently reported to be one of the main causes of death worldwide. Patients with CLD experience deteriorating liver function and fibrosis, progressing to cirrhosis, chronic hepatic decompensation (CHD), end-stage liver disease (ESLD), and death. Patients may develop acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), typically related to a precipitating event and associated with increased mortality. The objective of this review was to analyze the role of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in patients with CLD, focusing on the impact of this infection on patient survival and prognosis in several world regions.

scholarly journals Effector memory CD8 T cell response elicits Hepatitis E Virus genotype 3 pathogenesis in the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1009367
Author(s):  
Hicham El Costa ◽  
Jordi Gouilly ◽  
Florence Abravanel ◽  
Elmostafa Bahraoui ◽  
Jean-Marie Peron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Genotype 3

Genotype 3 Hepatitis E virus (HEV-3) is an emerging threat for aging population. More than one third of older infected patients develops clinical symptoms with severe liver damage, while others remain asymptomatic. The origin of this discrepancy is still elusive although HEV-3 pathogenesis appears to be immune-mediated. Therefore, we investigated the role of CD8 T cells in the outcome of the infection in immunocompetent elderly subjects. We enrolled twenty two HEV-3-infected patients displaying similar viral determinants and fifteen healthy donors. Among the infected group, sixteen patients experienced clinical symptoms related to liver disease while six remained asymptomatic. Here we report that symptomatic infection is characterized by an expansion of highly activated effector memory CD8 T (EM) cells, regardless of antigen specificity. This robust activation is associated with key features of early T cell exhaustion including a loss in polyfunctional type-1 cytokine production and partial commitment to type-2 cells. In addition, we show that bystander activation of EM cells seems to be dependent on the inflammatory cytokines IL-15 and IL-18, and is supported by an upregulation of the activating receptor NKG2D and an exuberant expression of T-Bet and T-Bet-regulated genes including granzyme B and CXCR3. We also show that the inflammatory chemokines CXCL9-10 are increased in symptomatic patients thereby fostering the recruitment of highly cytotoxic EM cells into the liver in a CXCR3-dependent manner. Finally, we find that the EM-biased immune response returns to homeostasis following viral clearance and disease resolution, further linking the EM cells response to viral burden. Conversely, asymptomatic patients are endowed with low-to-moderate EM cell response. In summary, our findings define immune correlates that contribute to HEV-3 pathogenesis and emphasize the central role of EM cells in governing the outcome of the infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Dromedary Camel HEV in Domestic and Imported Camels from Saudi Arabia

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Sherif Aly El-Kafrawy ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Mai Mohamed El-Daly ◽  
Ishtiaq Qadri ◽  
Ahmed Majdi Tolah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Major Health

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) imposes a major health concern in areas with very poor sanitation in Africa and Asia. The pathogen is transmitted mainly through ingesting contaminated water or food, coming into contact with affected people, and blood transfusions. Very few reports including old reports are available on the prevalence of HEV in Saudi Arabia in humans and no reports exist on HEV prevalence in camels. Dromedary camel trade and farming are increasing in Saudi Arabia with importation occurring unidirectionally from Africa to Saudi Arabia. DcHEV transmission to humans has been reported in one case from the United Arab Emeritus (UAE). This instigated us to perform this investigation of the seroprevalence of HEV in imported and domestic camels in Saudi Arabia. Serum samples were collected from imported and domestic camels. DcHEV-Abs were detected in collected sera using ELISA. The prevalence of DcHEV in the collected samples was 23.1% with slightly lower prevalence in imported camels than domestic camels (22.4% vs. 25.4%, p value = 0.3). Gender was significantly associated with the prevalence of HEV in the collected camels (p value = 0.015) where males (31.6%) were more infected than females (13.4%). This study is the first study to investigate the prevalence of HEV in dromedary camels from Saudi Arabia. The high seroprevalence of DcHEV in dromedaries might indicate their role as a zoonotic reservoir for viral infection to humans. Future HEV seroprevalence studies in humans are needed to investigate the role of DcHEV in the Saudi human population.

scholarly journals Current Treatment of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Role of Antivirals

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birendra P Gupta ◽  
Thupten K Lama
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Acute And Chronic Hepatitis

ABSTRACT Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection results in nearly 20 million new infections, resulting in 70,000 deaths globally each year. Previously thought as a disease limited to developing nations with poor sanitation and hygiene, it is increasingly recognized that even the most developed nations are not spared. A clear dichotomy in epidemiology of HEV is noted between developing and industrialized nations. The HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are common in Asia and Africa and are transmitted mainly by contaminated drinking water. Sporadic as well as large-scale epidemics of acute hepatitis have been noted with HEV genotype 1 infection in developing countries of Asia and Africa. On the contrary, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are common in industrialized nations and unlike genotypes 1 and 2, they are transmitted by consumption of raw meat products, fruits, and blood transfusion. Large epidemics have not been reported with HEV genotypes 3 and 4 and manifestation is usually indolent, though severe acute hepatitis has been reported. How to cite this article: Shrestha A, Gupta BP, Lama TK. Current Treatment of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Role of Antivirals. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):73-77.

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