Diagnostic significance of IgG-synthesizing activated B cells in acute inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. -J. Schädlich ◽  
K. Felgenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Activated B Cells

Diagnostic relevance of CSF interleukin-6

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Gruber ◽  
Philipp Werner ◽  
Reinhard Germann ◽  
Peter Fraunberger
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulatory Factor

Abstract:In 1985 interleukin 6 (IL-6) was first identified as a differentiation factor for B-cells (B-cell stimulatory factor 2) which caused B-cells to mature and produce antibodies. Numerous studies now demonstrate the pleiotropic character of IL-6, which has been shown to possess important functions in the immune system, the regulation of hematopoesis, inflammation and oncogenesis. In the central nervous system (CNS), IL-6 is involved in neurogenesis and the response of neurons and glia-cells to various injuries. CNS infections, cerebral ischaemia, CNS traumata or chronic inflammatory diseases with CNS manifestations such as neuro-lupus or neuro-sarcoidosis are associated with increased IL-6 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, the use of IL-6 as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in these diseases is being investigated. In this review we aim to provide an overview of current studies and evaluate the diagnostic significance of CSF-IL-6.

scholarly journals Single-cell immune repertoire and transcriptome sequencing reveals that clonally expanded and transcriptionally distinct lymphocytes populate the aged central nervous system in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1945) ◽  
pp. 20202793
Author(s):  
Alexander Yermanos ◽  
Daniel Neumeier ◽  
Ioana Sandu ◽  
Mariana Borsa ◽  
Ann Cathrin Waindok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Somatic Hypermutation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role during ageing and various neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and infection. Technical limitations, however, have prevented an integrative analysis of how lymphocyte immune receptor repertoires and their accompanying transcriptional states change with age in the central nervous system. Here, we leveraged single-cell sequencing to simultaneously profile B cell receptor and T cell receptor repertoires and accompanying gene expression profiles in young and old mouse brains. We observed the presence of clonally expanded B and T cells in the central nervous system of aged male mice. Furthermore, many of these B cells were of the IgM and IgD isotypes, and had low levels of somatic hypermutation. Integrating gene expression information additionally revealed distinct transcriptional profiles of these clonally expanded lymphocytes. Our findings implicate that clonally related T and B cells in the CNS of elderly mice may contribute to neuroinflammation accompanying homeostatic ageing.

NMO Spectrum Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. E36-E47
Author(s):  
Steffen Pfeuffer ◽  
Christine Strippel ◽  
Heinz Wiendl
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Aqp4 Antibody

AbstractNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) represent a rare subset of chronic-inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Despite heterogeneities in disease activity, there is a higher degree of disability accumulation in NMOSD patients compared to MS patients. According to the revised diagnostic criteria, a recommendation was made to abandon the term NMO and to summarize these conditions as NMOSD. Clinical presentation of NMOSD patients in most cases is optic neuritis and transverse myelitis but nevertheless, NMOSD can affect most parts of the central nervous system (e. g. brainstem and hypothalamus). Originally characterized as AQP4-antibody-dependent disease, it has recently been discussed whether conditions with presence of antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) belong to the family of NMOSD. Due to the severity of the disease with often devastating relapses, systematic therapy is necessary. Usually, immunosuppressants or monoclonal antibodies with anti-inflammatory properties are used. Recently, four substances entered clinical testing for treatment of NMOSD.

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