Variation among and within mountain birch trees in foliage phenols, carbohydrates, and amino acids, and in growth ofEpirrita autumnata larvae

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1421-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Suomela ◽  
Vladimir Ossipov ◽  
Erkki Haukioja
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Birch Trees

Amino acids during development of mountain birch leaves

Chemoecology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teija Ruuhola ◽  
Vladimir Ossipov ◽  
Kyösti Lempa ◽  
Erkki Haukioja
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mountain Birch

Variable responses of folivorous sawflies to leaf quality of mountain birch

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Riipi ◽  
Antti Kause ◽  
Erkki Haukioja ◽  
Vladimir Ossipov ◽  
Svetlana Ossipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Herbivore Consumption

We studied whether the larval performance of four sawfly species feeding on mountain birch (Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti) leaves at different times of the growing season was related to the same chemical and physical leaf traits. In the three phenologically earliest species, larval growth was related to the same set of leaf traits. In contrast, consumption of leaf material was related to different leaf traits in all of the four species. Leaf suitability for herbivore growth and tree resistance to herbivore consumption were thus not always determined by the same leaf traits. Leaf water content and toughness had the strongest associations with larval performance. Phenolics, which are often considered the main resistance compounds in deciduous trees, explained only a small part of the variance in leaf consumption, but some groups of phenolics were negatively related to larval growth. In conclusion, the same mountain birch trees were not resistant to all of the studied sawflies in terms of leaf consumption, but low leaf suitability, which was related to the same set of leaf traits in the case of three sawfly species, may serve birch resistance, e.g., by exposing larvae to natural enemies for a longer period.

Effects of three years’ increase in density of the geometrid Epirrita autumnata on the change in metabolome of mountain birch trees (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii)

Chemoecology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ossipov ◽  
Tero Klemola ◽  
Kai Ruohomäki ◽  
Juha-Pekka Salminen
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Epirrita Autumnata ◽  
Birch Trees

The Convergence in Growth of Foliage-Chewing Insect Species on Individual Mountain Birch Trees

10.2307/5798 ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinikka Hanhimaki ◽  
Josef Senn ◽  
Erkki Haukioja
Keyword(s):  
Insect Species ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Birch Trees

Genetic and Environmental Variation in Rust Frequency on Mature Mountain Birch Trees

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Elamo ◽  
Irma Saloniemi ◽  
Marjo L. Helander ◽  
Seppo Neuvonen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Birch Trees

Ranking of individual mountain birch trees in terms of leaf chemistry: seasonal and annual variation

Chemoecology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Riipi ◽  
Erkki Haukioja ◽  
Ky�sti Lempa ◽  
Vladimir Ossipov ◽  
Svetlana Ossipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Leaf Chemistry ◽  
Birch Trees

Homochirality as the Signature of Extra-Terrestrial Life

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. MacDermott ◽  
Laurence D. Barron ◽  
Andrè Brack ◽  
Thomas Buhse ◽  
John R. Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Physical Origin ◽  
Natural Choice ◽  
Rosetta Mission ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Origin Of Homochirality

AbstractThe most characteristic hallmark of life is its homochirality: all biomolecules are usually of one hand, e.g. on Earth life uses only L-amino acids for protein synthesis and not their D mirror images. We therefore suggest that a search for extra-terrestrial life can be approached as a Search for Extra- Terrestrial Homochirality (SETH). The natural choice for a SETH instrument is optical rotation, and we describe a novel miniaturized space polarimeter, called the SETH Cigar, which could be used to detect optical rotation as the homochiral signature of life on other planets. Moving parts are avoided by replacing the normal rotating polarizer by multiple fixed polarizers at different angles as in the eye of the bee. We believe that homochirality may be found in the subsurface layers on Mars as a relic of extinct life, and on other solar system bodies as a sign of advanced pre-biotic chemistry. We discuss the chiral GC-MS planned for the Roland lander of the Rosetta mission to a comet and conclude with theories of the physical origin of homochirality.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

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