Chemical profile and antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities on Artemia salina from the essential oil of leaves and xylopodium of Cochlospermum regium

Cochlospermum regium is a shrub plant species from the Cerrado domain used in traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile and antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities on Artemia salina from the essential oil of fresh leaves and xylopodium. Fresch leaves and xylopodium of C. regium were collected in an area of ​​Cerrado domain in Goiás State, Brazil, 2021. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, the yield was quantified and the chemical profile determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Physicochemical analyzes were carried out for organoleptic analysis (color and appearance), solubility, relative density (g mL-1), refractive index, optical rotation (αD), antioxidant activity in DPPH radical reduction (IC50 µL mL-1), antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella serovar Thyphymurium by the disc method (mm), and cytotoxicity bioassay on Artemia salina (LC50 µg mL-1). The major compounds for the essential oil of fresh leaves were viridiflorol 10.21%, Copaen-4-α-ol <β>, longiborneol 9.07 and β-bisabolene 11.48%, and for the essential oil of xylopodium β-selinene 26.17%, aromadendrene 8.66 % and thujopsene 8.09%. The yield was 0.58 and 0.33%, color slightly yellow and yellow for fresh leaves and xylopodium, respectively. Positive solubility, refractive index of 1.3468 and 1.3347, optical rotation +48.8 and +21.5, relative density 0.932 and 0.936 g mL-1, antioxidant activity IC50 = 47.65 and 111.16 µL mL-1 for fresh leaves essential oil and xylopodium, respectively. The essential oil from fresh leaves showed high antibacterial potential for all strains, as well as for cytotoxic activity on A. salina with LC50 = 90.17 and 625.08 µg mL-1, respectively.

Scalarane Sesterterpenoids with Antibacterial and Anti-Proliferative Activities from the Mushroom Neonothopanus nambi

Seven undescribed scalarane sesterterpenoids, nambiscalaranes B–H (1–7), together with two known compounds, nambiscalarane (8) and aurisin A (9) were isolated from the cultured mycelium of the luminescent mushroom Neonothopanus nambi. Their structures were elucidated by thorough analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1–8 were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and optical rotation measurements. The isolated sesterterpenoids were evaluated against A549, HT29, HeLa, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines, and against five bacterial strains. Compounds 3, 5, and 7 showed strong cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell line, with IC50 values ranging from 13.41 to 16.53 µM, and showed no cytotoxicity towards Vero cells. Moreover, compound 8 inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis with a MIC value of 8 µg/mL, which was equivalent to the MIC value of the standard kanamycin.

Analysis of highly efficient DFG in an electro-optic material exhibiting polarization rotation using TIR-based ORQPM technique

This paper is a numeric-analytical work for highly efficient difference-frequency generation (DFG) by the integrated effect of total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching (ORQPM) and nonresonant quasi-phase-matching techniques in a thin yttrium oxide-coated rectangular slab of magnesium oxide-doped lithium niobate crystal. The conversion efficiency of 37.2% has been obtained by ray-optics analysis, corresponding to an idler wavelength of 1570[Formula: see text]nm. Moreover, the guided-wave approach has also been analyzed for more accurate and realistic outcomes, yielding a peak conversion efficiency of 1.64%. The impact of the influencing factors like surface roughness, absorption, and nonlinear law of reflection has also been incorporated in the computer-aided simulation for providing a pragmatic understanding of the whole study.

Measurement of high protein concentrations by optical rotation: a case study for monitoring of monoclonal antibody drug downstream processes

Background: Recent advancements in cell engineering and bioreactor engineering have enabled high monoclonal antibody (mAb) concentrations in harvested solutions for the downstream process (DSP). Methods: As many unit operations such as capture chromatography, polish chromatography, membrane filtration, virus inactivation, virus filtration, and concentration by ultrafiltration are involved in DSP, it is crucial to monitor the process carefully in order to perform reliable and stable DSP operations. One of the most important signals (process parameter) to be monitored is the protein concentration CP. Although various methods are available, most of them are not suited for measuring high CP. In this paper, we have developed a method for measuring very high CP by optical rotation (OR). Result: Linear correlations were confirmed between OR and CP in the range CP = 0 to 80 g/L for mAbs with high repeatability and small variation coefficients. This method was applied to the monitoring of CP in the opaque (colored) solution during the cell culture. The CP by OR was in good agreement with those by the standard Protein A HPLC method. Conclusion: Monitoring of high CP by OR is expected to be an efficient process analytical tool (PAT) for DSP.