Can a radioactive implant induced X-ray emission (RIXE) technique be used to in vivo measurement of heavy elements?

1991 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Amano ◽  
A. Ando ◽  
T. Hiraki ◽  
N. tonami ◽  
K. Hisada
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Vivo Measurement

The in Vivo Measurement of Bone Lead Stores by 109Cd K X-Ray Fluorescence in a Non-Human Primate (Macaca mulatta)

1993 ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona E. McNeill ◽  
Andrew C. Todd ◽  
Bruce A. Fowler ◽  
N. K. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Bone Lead ◽  
Human Primate

In vivo measurement of mandibular bone mineral density in normal dental subjects by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Bone ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
A. Apostolopoulou ◽  
A. Yatzides ◽  
B. Magiasis ◽  
G. Lyritis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Vivo Measurement

In Vivo XRF Measurements of Heavy Elements: Summary of a Workshop

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 641-648
Author(s):  
M. Garbauskas ◽  
A. L. Hanson ◽  
M. Kosnet ◽  
R. W Ryon ◽  
L. Wielopolski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Germanium Detectors ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray

This is a brief summary of the first workshop of “In Vivo XRF Measurements of Heavy Elements,” at the Denver Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis. In vivo x-ray fluorescence has been applied to medical applications since the 1960's, with much of the pioneering work being done in Sweden (1). First measurements were of iodine in the thyroid. Elements from iron to uranium have now been measured, at natural and elevated levels. Elevated levels occur either unintentionally through occupational or environmental exposure, or intentionally through medical administration. Examples of measurements are cadmium in kidney and liver, platinum in kidneys and tumors, mercury in the wrists and skulls of dentists, lead in various near-surface bones, copper in the eye and iron in skin. Nearly all measurements make use of either silicon or germanium detectors; radioisotopes and less frequently x-ray tubes are used for excitation.

In vivo measurement of radius calcium/phosphorus ratio by X-ray absorptiometry

1999 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fountos ◽  
Margaret Tzaphlidou ◽  
Evangelia Kounadi ◽  
Dimitris Glaros
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

In vivo measurement of blood vessel wall thickness

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (2) ◽  
pp. H265-H268 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. L'italien ◽  
I. G. Kidson ◽  
J. Megerman ◽  
W. M. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vessel Wall Thickness ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Radiographic Technique ◽  
Better Than

To understand the mechanical properties of arteries and vascular grafts, it is crucial that the wall thickness in these vessels be known. Unfortunately, all availble methods for measuring this parameter require the removal of the vessel, which precludes the study of such vessels as a function of time. A new radiographic technique for measuring the wall thickness of arteries and vascular grafts in vivo, utilizing contrast materials injected into the vessel lumen and applied to the outer surface of the vessel, is described. Radiographs are obtained with a portable X-ray machine and analyzed using a calibrated microscope. The technique has been successfully applied to the in vivo measurement of wall thickness in canine arteries, veins, and experimental vascular grafts. It is concluded that the method provides better than 95% accuracy in a variety of vessels and that it can be used to study changes in vascular grafts after their implantation into the arterial circulation.

In vivo measurement of lead in bone using X-ray fluorescence

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 929-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Somervaille ◽  
D R Chettle ◽  
M C Scott
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
In Vivo Measurement

In vivo measurement of human body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troels K. Thomsen ◽  
Vagn J. Jensen ◽  
Morten G. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Human Body Composition

Secondary Target X-ray Excitation for In Vivo Measurement of Lead in Bone

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
P. A. Pella ◽  
C. G. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lifetime Exposure ◽  
Exposure Energy ◽  
Environmental Lead Exposure ◽  
The U.S

Environmental lead exposure continues to be a health hazard, especially to young children, and is a serious problem In the U.S. Since lead is stored in the skeleton, measurement of lead in bone (e.g. finger or tibia) can serve as an Indicator of lifetime exposure. Energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (XRF) currently seems to be the method of choice for non-Invasive testing, and is expected to be further developed for screening purposes.

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