Biological control of the mediterranean black scale,Saissetia oleae (Hom.: Coccidae) in Israel

The time of year the adults (flight period) of the parasitoids of S. oleae: Μetaphycus helvolus, Μetaphycus lounsburyi, Scutelista cyanea and Moranila californica and the predator Chilocorus bipustulatus are present, was determined in three areas of Corfu island: Lima, Kontocali and Avliotes. M. helvolus apparently has two flight periods: the first is from April till July and the second from November till December. All the other natural enemies have only one flight period per year. The flight period of M. lounsburyi is from April till August, while S. cyanea flies from August till the end of September or the first days of October, and M. californica adults are present from July till the middle of December. Adults of C. bipustulatus appeared from July till December or the middle of January.

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Ocorrência da Cochonilha Negra Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) em Oliveiras Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) cv. Ascolano em Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i3.292 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 242-244

Author(s):

Marcus Alvarenga Soares ◽

Maria do Céu Monteiro Da Cruz ◽

Larissa Madureira Martins ◽

Raoni Pereira De Carvalho ◽

Evaldo Martins Pires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olea Europaea ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Global Market ◽

Severe Damage ◽

Olea Europaea L ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Black Scale ◽

Saissetia Oleae ◽

Production Losses ◽

Olea Europaéa

Plantas de oliveira Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) foram introduzidas no município de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil devido ao potencial local para produzir azeitonas e azeite, fruto e processado com mercado mundial em expansão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar, pela primeira vez, a presença da cochonilha negra, Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), em oliveiras (cv. Ascolano) em Diamantina. O presente registro mostra que S. oleae precisa ser monitorada, quando da implantação de viveiros de mudas e áreas de cultivo nesta região, por ter potencial para causar danos severos nas plantas e perdas na produção. Occurrence of Black Scale Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Olive Olea europaea (Oleaceae) cv. Ascolano in Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Abstract. Olive plants Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) were introduced in the Diamantina region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil mainly because it is a potential place to produce olives and olive oil, with growing global market. The aim of this study was to record the presence of black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on olive (cv. Ascolano) in Diamantina. This record shows that S. oleae needs to be monitored when deploying nurseries and crop areas for its potential to cause severe damage in plants and production losses.

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The Problem of Black Scale (Chrysomphalus Ficus, Ashm.) in Palestine

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300058752 ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 677-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. Schweig ◽

A. Grunberg

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Jordan Valley ◽

Aonidiella Aurantii ◽

Alternative Hosts ◽

Scale Population ◽

Black Scale ◽

The Difference ◽

Mutual Tolerance

The work which is described in this paper was undertaken owing to the conflicting results of standard fumigation practice in Palestine as it existed up to 1932, so that it became evident that the response of the Black Scale to Palestine conditions called for investigation.Owing to the difference in climate between the Northern Coastal Plain and the Jordan Valley a series of parallel investigations had to be initiated, with the interesting results which Dr. Schweig and Mr. Grunberg have set forth.There seems little doubt that the growers in the Jordan Valley will have to change from summer to winter fumigation and that in Acre Sub-District even if the double fumigation now under trial is not practicable (and there is no reason wh y it should not be) fumigation will have to be completed by the end of July—otherwise the fruit of the last fumigated groves will be infested before the gangs can reach them. With regard to biological control, this would be pf more value for keeping down the Black Scale population on alternative hosts, such as Eucalyptus groves and roadside trees. Negotiations for the importation of Comperiella bifasciata are in progress, and if this proves possible it will be given a trial in the Jordan Valley and the Coastal Plain.It is unfortunate that the pressure of other demands on the time of a small staff precluded the investigation of the behaviour of the Black Scale in Jaffa Sub-District, but general observations show that it tends to react more in the manner of the Jordan Valley race than of that of the Northern Coastal Plain.All the orange-groves between Jaffa and Haifa are heavily infested with Aonidiella aurantii, and it will be interesting to see, in view of the observations on mutual tolerance contained in this paper, whether Black Scale spreading from Jaffa will drive out the Red Scale or fail to make headway agaipst it.

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