Sharing cities with avian scavengers: sustainable development in social-ecological systems

Correlations in the timings of vulture collapse and rapid urbanisation in South Asia have affected the benefit trade-offs concerning conservation-breeding for vulture restoration. We show how the loss of vultures 30 years ago has led to the extinction of experience amongst people in South Asia who are co-adapted to various animal species within shared landscapes. We conducted ethnography, involving avian scavengers (vultures, kites and crows) in Delhi, to unpack how salience and charisma for avian scavenger’s link with socio-cultural legends. Perceptions about avian scavengers were based on birds’ appearance, behaviour, and ecosystem services. Anthropomorphisation mediated human-animal co-adaptation and drove ritual feeding of commensals that opportunistically consume garbage. Conflated with ethnoecology, such human-constructed niches supported enormous animal populations in the region and drove mutual tolerance. Prior evaluations of scavengers’ niche from biophysical perspectives alone have, therefore, overlooked links between vultures and animal husbandry practices. It undermined competitive release on commensals that have responded by an increase in numbers and distribution, by taking advantage of ritual feeding and people’s affiliative attitudes. The absence of vultures limits the availability of spaces where animal husbandry can be practised. Conversely, expanding built-up spaces, overhead wires, fake news, and interference from competing scavengers will be impediments to vulture restoration. Conservation policies should examine immediate and long-term objectives of solid waste disposal, considering the odds against the attainment of former functional ecology by vultures. We conclude that wildlife restoration in urbanising tropical landscapes is a moving target, necessitating policies sensitive to progressive loss and/or changes in associative heritage due to shifting economic and cultural practices.

Sharing cities with avian scavengers: sustainable development in social-ecological systems

Correlations in the timings of vulture collapse and rapid urbanisation in South Asia have affected the benefit trade-offs concerning conservation-breeding for vulture restoration. We show how the loss of vultures 30 years ago has led to the extinction of experience amongst people in South Asia who are co-adapted to various animal species within shared landscapes. We conducted ethnography that focused on avian scavengers (vultures, kites and crows) in Delhi to unpack how salience and charisma for avian scavengers link with socio-cultural legends. Perceptions about avian scavengers were based on birds’ appearance, behaviour, and ecosystem services. Anthropomorphisation mediated human-animal co-adaptation and drove ritual feeding of commensals that opportunistically consume garbage. Conflated with ethnoecology, such human-constructed niches supported enormous animal populations in the region and drove mutual tolerance. Prior evaluations of scavengers’ niche from biophysical perspectives alone have, therefore, overlooked links between vultures and animal husbandry practices. It undermined competitive release on commensals that have responded by an increase in numbers and distribution, by taking advantage of ritual feeding and people’s affiliative attitudes. The absence of vultures limits the availability of spaces where animal husbandry can be practised. Conversely, expanding built-up spaces, overhead wires, fake news, and interference from competing scavengers will be impediments to vulture restoration. Conservation policies should examine immediate and long-term objectives of solid waste disposal, considering the odds against the attainment of the yesteryear functional ecology of vultures in South Asia. We conclude that wildlife restoration in urbanising tropical landscapes is a moving target, necessitating policies sensitive to progressive loss and/or changes in associative heritage due to shifting economic and cultural practices.

Vulture loss and urbanisation correlations form blind spots for conservation and development

Correlations in the timings of vulture collapse and rapid urbanisation in South Asia have affected the benefit trade-offs concerning conservation-breeding for vulture restoration. We show how the loss of vultures 30 years ago has led to the extinction of experience amongst people in South Asia who are co-adapted to various animal species within shared landscapes. We conducted ethnography, involving avian scavengers (vultures, kites and crows) in Delhi, to unpack how salience and charisma for avian scavenger’s link with socio-cultural legends. Perceptions about avian scavengers were based on birds’ appearance, behaviour, and ecosystem services. Anthropomorphisation mediated human-animal co-adaptation and drove ritual feeding of commensals that opportunistically consume garbage. Conflated with ethnoecology, such human-constructed niches supported enormous animal populations in the region and drove mutual tolerance. Prior evaluations of scavengers’ niche from biophysical perspectives alone have, therefore, overlooked prior links between vultures and animal husbandry practices. It undermined competitive release on commensals that have responded by an increase in numbers and distribution, by taking advantage of ritual feeding and people’s affiliative attitudes. The absence of vultures limits the availability of spaces where animal husbandry can be practised. Conversely, expanding built-up spaces, overhead wires, fake news, and interference from competing scavengers will be impediments to vulture restoration. Conservation policies should examine immediate and long-term objectives of solid waste disposal, considering the odds against the attainment of former functional ecology by vultures. We conclude that wildlife restoration in urbanising tropical landscapes is a moving target, necessitating policies sensitive to progressive loss and/or changes in associative heritage due to shifting economic and cultural practices.

Persepsi Dosen Pendidikan Agama Islam Terhadap Rendahnya Sikap Toleransi di Kota Banda Aceh

Tolerance is the key to living comfortably, peacefully and happily. In the life of the people and the nation, tolerance has become the benchmark in realizing the advance of a country, as reflected in the Charter of Medina that the Prophet Muhammad p.b.u.h formed a state on the basis of Islamic values, one of which was tolerance. A state or community will embrace safety and peace once its people live in mutual tolerance. In this study, there were three questions needed to be addressed: (1) What is the concept of tolerance in Islam?, (2) What is the attitude of tolerance between religious believers and social tolerance according to Islamic religious education lecturers at UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh? and (3) How is the response of the Islamic religious education lecturers of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh towards the study which concluded that the city of Banda Aceh was of low tolerance? This study used the qualitative approach with field research methods, employing primary and secondary data. The results of the study revealed that the main criterion in defining religious tolerance was found in the Qur’an Surah al-Kafirun verse 6, while that in defining the social tolerance was in Surah an-Nisaa verse 86. The attitude of tolerance that the Prophet p.b.u.h had shown on various occasions was very comprehensive regardless of place and person, in any capacity. Therefore, the attitude of tolerance of the Prophet p.b.u.h had become a reference for every community to this day and he was also dubbed as the role model (Uswatun Hasanah). Responding to the finding of low tolerance in the city of Banda Aceh from a study, most respondents, however, believed otherwise. They agreed that Banda Aceh has already been a very tolerant city in terms of religious and social aspects in Indonesia. Thus, such low tolerance could not be generalized to all aspects and concluded that the city of Banda Aceh was an intolerant city or had a low tolerance level.

PRINSIP SALING TOLERANSI (TASAMUH) PADA RESTORAN ALL YOU CAN EAT MENURUT PERSPEKTIF ISTIHSAN

This study aims to determine the principle of mutual tolerance (tasamuh) in the all you can eat restaurant from the istihsan perspective. The research method used in this research (library research) is a qualitative approach. The data sources of this research are books and journals that are analyzed using the Miles and Huberman analysis method which includes three lines, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study conclude that the principle of mutual tolerance (tasamuh) in all you can eat restaurant according to the istihsan perspective is allowed based on ‘urf because it has become a habit of today’s society which will be difficult to avoid but still we should not go to waste in taking food because it is hated by god.Keywords: Buying and Selling, tasamuh, istihsan

IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI MULTIKULTURAL UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI PERILAKU SANTRI

This study aims to 1) determine the multicultural values planting model in Daar El Qolam Islamic Boarding School. 2) knowing the implementation of multicultural values found in Daar El Qolam Islamic Boarding School. 3) knowing the impact of planting and implementing multicultural values on the personality of students in the El Qolam Daar Islamic Boarding School. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. While the sources of research are leaders, Islamic boarding schools, head of care, head of worship, principals, teachers / teachers and students. Data collection techniques are done through interviews and observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques were performed using data collection, data reduction, data presentation and data inference. The findings in this study are the values of multicultural education found in Islamic Boarding Schools da el-Qolam are exemplary methods and methods of habituation. The impact of the cultivation of multicultural education is the growth of mutual tolerance, respect and acceptance of others, mutual cooperation is not hostile and not mutual there are conflicts due to differences in culture, ethnicity, language, customs. Hopefully this research is useful for Daar el-Qolam Islamic boarding school in particular and also beneficial for other educational institutions so that multicultural education can be implemented properly and correctly.

Vulture, culture and more: putting human-dimensions back in the saddle for conservation policy

Vulture collapse in South Asia accompanied rapid urbanisation. However, the Indian-Subcontinent’s “Action Plan for Vulture Conservation'' and the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals’ (CMS) “Multi-species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian vultures” reflect poorly on how their scavenging services factored in the regional social-ecological tool - a nature-based-solution. We report the ethnography of the extinction of experience concerning vultures in the tropical megacity of Delhi to contribute to wildlife restoration policies in human-use landscapes. People anthropomorphised avian scavengers while sharing perceptions that promoted ritual feeding of crows and kites. It attracted and supported enormous bird-flocks in the region, an ecological response to the rapid niche-evacuation. Stakeholders’ perceptions that offered links in vulture salience and charisma corresponded with respective socio-cultural legends, based on bird morphology, behaviour, and ecosystem services. Conflating with ethnoecology, cultural legends mediated human-animal interface, based on species-specific life-history traits. The latter inextricably tied humans and vultures in their population and demographic parameters and mutual tolerance in behaviour that promoted co-existence. Therefore, wildlife restoration in urbanising landscapes is a moving target, necessitating policies sensitive to progressive loss and/or changes in associative heritage through shifting economic and cultural practices, and socio-cultural stories. In order to uphold their erstwhile functional ecology, vultures would need to behaviourally fathom new built-up spaces, interference from competing scavengers and mediatised misinformation.

Being a Chinese Passenger: Practicing Quality and Civilization on the Rail

This article examines how everyday practices materialize abstract discourses of social “quality” within the spaces of the Chinese rail system. Rail travel remains a primary mode of transportation in China, competitive on cost and comfort—though not at the same time. This article brings together geographies of skill and mobility to examine how the skilled practice of rail travel produces high and low “quality” bodies and spaces within the rail network. Drawing on Ingold’s “dwelling perspective” to shed light on how movement creates cultural landscape at the national scale, I argue that the growing socio-economic gap within China has led to the emergence of distinct and incompatible traveling practices within the rail ridership. The conflict between a “lacking” ridership relying on mutual tolerance and a “quality” ridership prioritizing self-containment been resolved by the construction of high-speed rail as a separate network, segregating “high” and “low” quality riderships while still serving both.

Worldview aspects of the kazakh women’s national costume as a factor of the development of youth thinking culture

In this article, the Kazakh women's casual costume is considered as an important element of ethnic culture, an indicator of cultural development, lifestyle and thoughts of society and an individual. The concept of the research is determined by understanding the worldview foundations expressed in a logically coherent typology and style of national costume, which can become the core of the spiritual modernization of modern society. Traditional culture, in particular national costume, has been the subject of many studies in the field of education, but this potential is still almost inexhaustible for the education and development of the young people thinking culture. As a unique example of the material and spiritual well-being of the Kazakh people, the costume harmoniously combines not only information and communication, aesthetic, ideological, semiotic, axiological, but also educational functions, while maintaining practical usefulness, utility, convenience, which have been polished for centuries. In addition, as the personification of the indissoluble ties of a person with the surrounding world, the folk costume has invaluable opportunities to study the culture of other people, which is necessary for the formation of mutual tolerance.

Potrait of Social Interaction among the Vilagers in the Perspective of George Herbet Mead’s Symbolic Interactionalism Theory

The aim of this study was to know how the portrait of social interactions that occur between villagers in the Perspective of George Herbet Mead's symbolic intercationalism theory and to determine the factors that support social interaction between villagers. This article was descriptive qualitative. The researchers used documentation, observation and interviews in collecting the data. The result show that The form of social interaction that occurs between Restu Buana villagers and Bumi Nabung Ilir village residents is in the form of associative-cooperation (in the form of trade / buying and selling between villagers, friendship)/ Second, it is in the form of associative-accommodation (that is, in the event of a fight, usually with mediation by leaders religious. Third, the form of dissociation f-Contravention which is manifested by the feeling of resentment. Fourth, which is in the form of dissociative-competition such as competition in the economy. Factors that support social interaction: first, there is mutual tolerance between residents. Thirdly their mutual appreciation of cultures of other villagers. Keywords: Social Interaction, Symbolic Interactionalism Theory, Goerge Herbet Mead’s Symbolic