An integrated watershed/plot-scale study of element cycling in spruce ecosystems of the black forest

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. -H. Feger ◽  
G. Brahmer ◽  
H. W. Zöttl
Keyword(s):  
Black Forest ◽  
Element Cycling

An integrated watershed/plot-scale study of element cycling in spruce ecosystems of the Black Forest

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 545-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. -H. Feger ◽  
G. Brahmer ◽  
H. W. Z�ttl
Keyword(s):  
Black Forest ◽  
Element Cycling

An Integrated Watershed/Plot-Scale Study of Element Cycling in Spruce Ecosystems of the Black Forest

1991 ◽  
pp. 545-560
Author(s):  
K.-H. Feger ◽  
G. Brahmer ◽  
H. W. Zöttl
Keyword(s):  
Black Forest ◽  
Element Cycling

"Church in Black Forest, Germany"

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Forest

Mit Initialfemeln zum Plenterwald (Essay) | The creation of selection forest using initial femel cut (essay)

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Rudi Kynast
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Black Forest ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
Selection Forest ◽  
Individual Trees

Although selection forests have clear advantages over age-group forests in view of their total growth performance, their net product and their stability, not to mention the sustainability of their beneficial effect, the proportion of this type of forest is insignificantly small in Germany and also in mixed forest in the mountains. It is therefore all the more surprising that scarcely any discernable efforts have been made to increase the proportion of selection forests. For a conversion, an alternative model for the treatment of the stands is adopted, whereby it is no longer the encouragement of the growth to maturity of individual trees in the stand which is aimed for, but rather the transformation of the whole stand to a selection forest using available stand elements and elements created by an early initiation of regeneration. Based on his experience in the forestry district of Kirchzarten in the Black Forest, Germany, the author describes the procedure for a successful conversion. This is to be started as soon as possible, that is to say when the crown height of the trees is about 18 metres and with corresponding usable dimensions, using small group shelter-wood cuts, a so-called initial femel cut. To get the conversion started it is advisable to remove whole groups of predominantly badly situated and overgrown trees. The stand will be additionally structured later through further interventions at short intervals. In the process, here and there really well situated trees will actually be left to stand solitar y, in other places w hol e self-cont aine d groups will b e created and else where valuabl e mixed s tand elements will be selected for permanent preservation, this in order to create a situation in which there are about 35 overstorey trees per hectare. On the basis of his own cost calculations, the author comes to the conclusion that the conversion is, from a financial point of view, superior compared with the age-group forest in that it brings higher proceeds more quickly and more often.

Calm amidst the Storm

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Scott
Keyword(s):  
Black Forest ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Balthasar Hubmaier

The convulsions which seized southern Germany and Switzerland between 1520 and 1540 included the expulsion of Duke Ulrich of Württemberg (an ally of the Swiss) from his duchy of Württemberg; his intrigues to recapture his duchy by raising peasants in the Black Forest already in the throes of popular rebellion; and the beginnings of Reformed Protestant preaching by Huldrych Zwingli in Zürich. Any of these circumstances could easily have led to outright war on both banks of the Rhine. The Swiss were reluctant to give any support to Duke Ulrich, or to the peasants, though Zürich came to the aid of the Forest Town of Waldshut where Balthasar Hubmaier preached the new doctrines (and later Anabaptism). Konstanz, too, embraced Protestantism, to the chagrin of the Catholic Inner cantons. That effectively put an end to the city’s hopes of joining the Confederation.

Raids and Retaliation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Scott
Keyword(s):  
Black Forest

The Swiss mounted raids across the Hochrhein and the Alpine Rhine, as well as taking possession of the bishop of Konstanz’s castles. The Swabian League responded with sorties south of the Rhine. These raids were mostly for booty and were followed by rapid withdrawal: there was no obvious strategic purpose behind them. Both sides employed mercenaries. It is doubtful whether the Swiss had any long-term intention of seizing the southern Black Forest or the Hegau, though military access to the four Austrian ‘Forest Towns’ was an important aim. Nevertheless, individually Zürich and Schaffhausen had territorial ambitions in the Klettgau and Hegau, respectively.

scholarly journals Marine Gel Interactions with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Pollutants

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Peter H. Santschi ◽  
Wei-Chun Chin ◽  
Antonietta Quigg ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
Manoj Kamalanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Marine Microbes ◽  
Element Cycling ◽  
Exopolymeric Substances ◽  
Hydrophobic Pollutants ◽  
Pollutant Distribution ◽  
Ultimate Fate

Microgels play critical roles in a variety of processes in the ocean, including element cycling, particle interactions, microbial ecology, food web dynamics, air–sea exchange, and pollutant distribution and transport. Exopolymeric substances (EPS) from various marine microbes are one of the major sources for marine microgels. Due to their amphiphilic nature, many types of pollutants, especially hydrophobic ones, have been found to preferentially associate with marine microgels. The interactions between pollutants and microgels can significantly impact the transport, sedimentation, distribution, and the ultimate fate of these pollutants in the ocean. This review on marine gels focuses on the discussion of the interactions between gel-forming EPS and pollutants, such as oil and other hydrophobic pollutants, nanoparticles, and metal ions.

scholarly journals Grasshopper herbivory immediately affects element cycling but not export rates in an N‐limited grassland system

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Potthast ◽  
Stefanie Meyer ◽  
Alexander Tischer ◽  
Gerd Gleixner ◽  
Anne Sieburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Element Cycling

An Ecological Study of the Black Forest, Colorado

1949 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Black Forest
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