Male life history in natural populations of Japanese macaques: Migration, dominance rank, and troop participation of males in two habitats

Primates ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Sprague ◽  
Shigeru Suzuki ◽  
Hiroyuki Takahashi ◽  
Shizue Sato
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Male Life History

scholarly journals Significant effects of Pgi genotype and body reserves on lifespan in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1660) ◽  
pp. 1313-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Saastamoinen ◽  
Suvi Ikonen ◽  
Ilkka Hanski
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Melitaea Cinxia ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Glanville Fritillary Butterfly ◽  
Male Life History ◽  
Striking Effect

Individuals with a particular variant of the gene phosphoglucose isomerase ( Pgi ) have been shown to have superior dispersal capacity and fecundity in the Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia ), raising questions about the mechanisms that maintain polymorphism in this gene in the field. Here, we investigate how variation in the Pgi genotype affects female and male life history under controlled conditions. The most striking effect is the longer lifespan of genotypes with high dispersal capacity, especially in non-reproducing females. Butterflies use body reserves for somatic maintenance and reproduction, but different resources (in thorax versus abdomen) are used under dissimilar conditions, with some interactions with the Pgi genotype. These results indicate life-history trade-offs that involve resource allocation and genotype×environment interactions, and these trade-offs are likely to contribute to the maintenance of Pgi polymorphism in the natural populations.

Life History Changes in Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) Induced by Thermal Elevation

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary K. Meffe
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Life History ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Thermal Death ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Eastern Mosquitofish

Much light can be shed on life history evolution through study of responses of organisms to chronic exposure to a novel or perturbed environment. To determine the influence of 28 yr of temporally unpredictable thermal elevation on their life history patterns, I sampled eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from a thermally elevated (outflow from a nuclear reactor) and an ambient (farm pond) habitat in South Carolina every month for 2 yr. Fish from the artificially heated environment reproduced all year, had higher reproductive investments (higher clutch sizes and reproductive biomass), and smaller offspring than did fish from the ambient environment, which ceased reproduction from October through March, typical for natural populations of the region. Likely environmental factors responsible for these differences include unpredictable food resources, higher mortality from thermal death, and higher predation by fishes and birds in the heated waters. The extent to which these life history alterations are the result of adaptive genetic changes versus phenotypically plastic responses remains to be tested.

Evidence for multiple paternity in two species of Orconectes crayfish

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Kahrl ◽  
R.H. Laushman ◽  
A.J. Roles
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Crayfish Species

Multiple mating is expected to be common in organisms that produce large clutches as a mechanism by which sexual reproduction can enrich genetic variation. For freshwater crayfish, observation of multiple mating suggests the potential for high rates of multiple paternity, but genetic confirmation is largely lacking from natural populations. We studied paternity within wild-caught broods of two crayfish species in the genus Orconectes (Sanborn’s crayfish (Orconectes sanbornii (Faxon, 1884)) and the Allegheny crayfish (Orconectes obscurus (Hagen, 1870))). Although females have been observed mating with multiple males, this is the first genetic confirmation of multiple paternity in broods of these two species. Berried females were collected in the field and maintained in aquaria until their eggs hatched. We amplified and genotyped extracted DNA from maternal and hatchling tissue for several microsatellite loci. For both species, paternity reconstruction (GERUD 2.0) yielded 2–3 sires per brood and no single paternity clutches. We discuss these results from natural populations in light of the body of work on reproductive ecology of decapod crustaceans and in the context of changes in life history following the transition from marine to freshwater habitats.

The epidemiology of Nematodirus battus – is it changing?

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rh. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Experimental Plots

SUMMARYNatural populations of 3rd-stage Nematodirus battus larvae were present on pastures in North Wales throughout the year; highest numbers were present in late spring, with smaller peaks occurring in autumn. Inter-site variation was observed in the timing and magnitude of these peaks. Hatching on experimental plots occurred 2 months to 2 years following deposition of eggs. Intraspecific and inter-site variation occurred in the timing, and inter-site variation occurred in the magnitude, of the mass hatch on upland and lowland experimental plots. Arrested 4th-stage N. battus were recovered from Welsh Mountain lambs. Percentage arrest and number of arrested worms was greatest during winter and early spring. The prevalence and intensity of N. battus infection in 1-, 2- and 3-year-old Welsh Mountain ewes was low. The plasticity exhibited in the parasite's life-history is discussed in relation to potential changes in the epidemiology of nematodiriasis.

scholarly journals Warmer temperatures attenuate the classic offspring number and reproductive investment trade-off in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 20160101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Rutschmann ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Jean Clobert ◽  
Murielle Richard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
The Common

Life-history traits involved in trade-offs are known to vary with environmental conditions. Here, we evaluate the response of the trade-off between ‘offspring number’ versus ‘energy invested per offspring’ to ambient temperature in 11 natural populations of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara . We provide evidence at both the intra- and interpopulation levels that the trade-off is reduced with an increase in air temperature. If this effect enhances current individual fitness, it may lead to an accelerated pace of life in warmer environments and could ultimately increase adult mortality. In the context of global warming, our results advocate the need for more studies in natural populations to explore interactions between life-history traits' trade-offs and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The inbreeding decline and average dominance of genes affecting male life-history characters in Drosophila melanogaster

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Mating Ability ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Male Life History

SummaryThis paper describes the results of assays of male life-history characters in a large outbred laboratory population of D. melanogaster. Lines of flies homozygous for the entire third chromosome and lines of flies carrying two different third chromosomes were assayed for agespecific male mating ability (MMA), age-specific survivorship, male fertility, and body mass. The results of these assays were used to calculate the inbreeding decline associated with each of these traits, the average dominance of deleterious alleles that affect the traits, the genotypic and environmental components of variance for the homozygous lines, and phenotypic and genotypic correlations among the characters. Significant inbreeding decline was found for all characters except the Gompertz intercept and fertility. Early and late MMA show larger effects of inbreeding than any other trait. The inbreeding load for MMA is about the same magnitude as that for egg-to-adult viability, but is substantially less than that associated with total fitness. The estimated inbreeding decline and average dominance of male life-history characters are comparable to estimates for other Drosophila fitness components.

scholarly journals Breeding success of four male life history types of spring Chinook Salmon spawning in an artificial stream

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve L. Schroder ◽  
Curtis M. Knudsen ◽  
Todd N. Pearsons ◽  
Todd W. Kassler ◽  
Edward P. Beall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Artificial Stream ◽  
Male Life History

scholarly journals The role of testosterone in coordinating male life history strategies: The moderating effects of the androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 164-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee T. Gettler ◽  
Calen P. Ryan ◽  
Dan T.A. Eisenberg ◽  
Margarita Rzhetskaya ◽  
M. Geoffrey Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Male Life History
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