Market Structure and the Pattern of Black-Owned Firms

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Heywood
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Entry Barriers ◽  
Industrial Concentration ◽  
Black Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the relationship between industrial concentration and the presence of black-owned firms. Strong evidence is found that more monopolistic industries have a smaller black presence. This demonstrates that the monopolistic industries in which black workers are known to face the worst discrimination are also the industries in which blacks face the highest structural entry barriers as entrepreneurs. Indeed, entry barriers may cause the monopolistic conditions which allow discrimination while simultaneously frustrating the entry of black entrepreneurs.

Konsep Asbāb Al-Nuzūl Menurut Nashr Hamid Abu Zayd

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Shidqy Munjin
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to examine the concept of asbāb al-nuzul which has been misunderstood by ulama and thus produces misleading conclusions. The results of this study indicate that Abu Zayd's criticism of the established concept of asbāb al-nuzūl in the ‘ulūm Al-Qurān was focused on the problem of the relation between the text and realities. According to him, the study of the first scholars was too focused on the Koran itself and the Prophet's person as the recipient of revelation, but they forgot the community around the Prophet which was the most important element of reality that existed at that time. Whereas for Abu Zayd, the existence of asbāb al-nuzūl is strong evidence to show the relationship and dialectic between text and reality. To elaborate on his conception, Abu Zayd elaborated on four basic problems, namely regarding the reasons for the Al-Qur'an's a gradual descent, the gradual model of decline, the concept of Dalāllah in understanding a verse and its relation to asbāb al-nuzūl and finally on how to determine asbāb al-nuzūl.

On Estimating the Relationship between Discrimination and Market Structure

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin T. Fujii ◽  
John M. Trapani
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
The Relationship

World Englishes and Phonological Theory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Uffmann
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Active Constraints ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constraint Hierarchies ◽  
Substrate Constraint

The relationship between phonological theory and World Englishes is generally characterized by a mutual lack of interest. This chapter argues for a greater engagement of both fields with each other, looking at constraint-based theories of phonology, especially Optimality Theory (OT), as a case in point. Contact varieties of English provide strong evidence for synchronically active constraints, as it is substrate or L1 constraints that are regularly transferred to the contact variety, not rules. Additionally, contact varieties that have properties that are in some way ‘in between’ the substrate and superstrate systems provide evidence for constraint hierarchies or implicational relationships between constraints, illustrated here primarily with examples from syllable structure. Conversely, for a scholar working on the description of World Englishes, OT can offer an explanation of where the patterns found in a contact variety come from, namely from the transfer of substrate constraint rankings (and subsequent gradual constraint demotion).

A Comparison of Haptic Sketching and Digital Sketching

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-161
Author(s):  
Tom Page
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Design Students ◽  
The Relationship

This article compares and contrasts the use of haptic and digital sketching in the design process. It investigates the preferred sketching method of final year design students. In addition, it examines the relationship between effective communication and the use of haptic and digital sketching. A case study involving ten final year students studying product design courses at Nottingham Trent University was undertaken. The text explores the current literature and identifies the benefits of using the two methods. The inclusion of digital sketching tutorials in the undergraduate curriculum is discussed as well as the option of replacing haptic with digital sketching. The study concludes that while a wider survey with students from other design courses would be useful, the results provide strong evidence that final year students currently prefer haptic to digital sketching as an essential part of the design process.

Impact of Financial Risk Ratios on Profitability of Multinational vs. Domestic Pharmaceuticals in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Kaushik Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domestic Companies ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

The impact of financial leverage on the profitability position of the business firms under different financing alternatives and with varying levels of overall profitability is one of the most crucial issues in modern finance to sustain continuous improvement in financial performance. In fact, framing an appropriate capital structure with flexible equity and disciplined debt financing is an integral part of the entire corporate strategy to gain shareholder confidence and stakeholder support to achieve long run sustainability. No firm can ignore this aspect in the context of today's high-tech competitive business environment. Unfortunately this issue has not been addressed with due importance in India and in particular, no significant study exists on the pharmaceutical sector comparing the linkage between financial leverage and profitability of multinational companies with that of the domestic companies. The pharmaceutical industry is acknowledged as one of the most promising industries in India; therefore this study should make a significant contribution to the practice. This paper examines the relationship between financial leverage and profitability of the Indian pharmaceutical industry during the period of March 2002 to December 2011 (N=20). The researcher compared the relationship between financial leverage and profitability of multinational companies with that of the domestic companies in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The research found strong evidence of the negative contribution of financial leverage towards improving profitability for multinational and domestic firms. Hence, these results provide strong evidence of positive contribution of financial leverage towards improving profitability in a substantial portion of the sample companies during the study period.

Nursing home prices and market structure: the effect of assisted living industry expansion

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bowblis
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
Assisted Living Facilities ◽  
Home Market ◽  
Home Prices ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSince the 1990s, there has been substantial expansion of facility-based alternatives to nursing home care, such as assisted living facilities. This paper analyzes the relationship between expansion of the assisted living industry, nursing home market structure and nursing home private pay prices using a two-year panel of nursing homes in the State of Ohio. Fixed effect regressions suggest that the expansion of assisted living facilities are associated with increased nursing home concentration, but find no effect on private pay nursing home prices. This would be consistent with assisted livings reducing demand for nursing homes by delaying entry into a nursing home, though assisted livings are not direct competitors of nursing homes.

The Relationship Between Industrial Concentration and Export

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (50) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Filiz Ozag ◽  
Murat Atan
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Concentration ◽  
The Relationship
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