Classification of meadows of the South Siberian uplands and mountains

This article presents the results of the development of a methodology for describing the main morphological and cultural traits of the Pyricularia oryzae Cav. strains widespread in the south of Russia. At the same time, the types of traits are identified and listed, which make it possible to unambiguously determine the uniqueness and variety of the pathogen. The relationships and patterns established using cluster and statistical analysis make it possible to identify the conditions for the development of a pathogen that determine its predominant forms. Thus, research shows that leaf forms of P. oryzae strains isolated from rice plants with leaf form of blast disease have an equally directional growth pattern of a colony with a felt structure, and strains isolated from neck-affected plant form often produce a zone of a colony with a clumpy structure. The classification of cultural traits will make it possible to obtain scientifically grounded and comparable data that can be used in the analysis of the interaction of P. oryzae strains with rice plants on various varieties and in various agro-technological conditions in order to improve and rationalize agricultural activities. The study opens up the possibility of using data in breeding, making it possible to identify forms of a pathogen that infect certain varieties.

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THE BRONZE SHIELD FROM THE BURIAL OF A MEDIEVAL ARCHER IN THE KUZNETSK DESPRESSION

Preservation and study of the cultural heritage of the Altai Territory ◽

10.14258/2411-1503.2021.27.40 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 265-270

Author(s):

PILIPENKO S. ◽

◽

SULEIMENOV M. ◽

Keyword(s):

Significant Role ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Volga Region ◽

Burial Ground ◽

The South ◽

Protective Shield

A number of works written by leading Siberian weapons experts are devoted to the classification of this piece of personal armour. Issues of weapons development played a significant role in the lives of the medieval people in the South of Western Siberia. One of the most frequently encountered categories of inventory in the burials of nomads includes ranged weapons: parts of bows, arrows, quivers. Yu.S. Khudyakova [1980, p. 118] and VV. Gorbunova [2006, p. 35-62]. However, bow sets are not limited to bows, arrows and quivers. There are also other parts of archery equipment known from the nomadic antiquities of the Volga region, such as archers’ rings and pavises [Rudenko, 2005, p. 27-35], items that have never been found in the South of Western Siberia until recently. During his exploration of burial ground 3 from mound 3 of Konevo, A.M. Ilyushin [2012, p. 37] found a bronze plate, which he believed belonged to plate armour. However, further study of the objects found in burial ground 3 of mound 3 of Konevo, raised doubts whether this attribution of the excavated bronze plate is justified. Acquaintance with the materials of burial 3 of mound 3 of the Konevo burial ground, raised doubts about such an attribution of the revealed bronze plate. Keywords: medieval nomads, archeology, bow, arrows, protective shield, pavise, gastagna, archer, Kuznetsk Depression

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A weather regime characterisation of winter biomass aerosol transport from southern Africa

10.5194/acp-2021-337 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Gaetani ◽

Benjamin Pohl ◽

Maria del Carmen Alvarez Castro ◽

Cyrille Flamant ◽

Paola Formenti

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Forest Fires ◽

South Atlantic ◽

Austral Winter ◽

The South ◽

Predictive Tool ◽

Weather Regime ◽

Synoptic Variability

Abstract. During austral winter, a compact low cloud deck over South Atlantic contrasts with clear sky over southern Africa, where forest fires triggered by dry conditions emit large amount of biomass burning aerosols (BBA) in the free troposphere. Most of the BBA burden crosses South Atlantic embedded in the tropical easterly flow. However, midlatitude synoptic disturbances can deflect part of the aerosol from the main transport path towards southern extratropics. In this study, a characterisation of the synoptic variability controlling the spatial distribution of BBA in southern Africa and South Atlantic during austral winter (August to October) is presented. By analysing atmospheric circulation data from reanalysis products, a 6-class weather regime (WR) classification of the region is constructed. The classification reveals that the synoptic variability is composed by four WRs representing disturbances travelling at midlatitudes, and two WRs accounting for pressure anomalies in the South Atlantic. The WR classification is then successfully used to characterise the aerosol spatial distribution in the region in the period 2003–2017, in both reanalysis products and station data. Results show that the BBA transport towards southern extratropics is controlled by weather regimes associated with midlatitude synoptic disturbances. In particular, depending on the relative position of the pressure anomalies along the midlatitude westerly flow, the BBA transport is deflected from the main tropical route towards southern Africa or the South Atlantic. This paper presents the first objective classification of the winter synoptic circulation over South Atlantic and southern Africa. The classification shows skills in characterising the BBA transport, indicating the potential for using it as a diagnostic/predictive tool for aerosol dynamics, which is a key component for the full understanding and modelling of the complex radiation-aerosol-cloud interactions controlling the atmospheric radiative budget in the region.

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Cloud computing activities: Guidelines on the South African income tax classification

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences ◽

10.4102/jef.v9i1.39 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 228-243

Author(s):

Shené Steenkamp ◽

Rudie Nel

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

South African ◽

Income Tax ◽

Computer Hardware ◽

Correct Classification ◽

The South ◽

Know How ◽

Cloud Computing Service ◽

Source Test

The classification of income from cloud computing activities, according to the substance-over-form doctrine, is fundamental to the application of the correct taxation source test. The designation of IaaS, PaaS and SaaS, the three main cloud computing service models, clearly denotes the form of cloud computing activities as that of a service. However, the nature of cloud computing inherently raises the question of whether or not cloud computing income should not rather be classified as income from leasing activities or the imparting of know-how. In fact, the findings of this study suggest the classification would not necessarily always be that of a service. The possible classification as lease income can be either income from the lease of tangible computer hardware and/or of intellectual property (royalty income). The aim of this study was to formulate guidelines to assist in the correct classification of income from cloud computing activities. This was achieved by performing doctrinal research based on the South African and international literature.

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Chapter 14 Cambrian-Ordovician history

Geological Society London Memoirs ◽

10.1144/gsl.mem.1997.017.01.14 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 257-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Brian Harland

Keyword(s):

Late Ordovician ◽

Early Cambrian ◽

The South ◽

Thermal Event ◽

Early Ordovician

Cambrian-Ordovician history is well documented in Svalbard with late Early Cambrian faunas and a range of Ordovician faunas to provide a basis for correlation. Not so extensive as Vendian, the rocks crop out in four areas: (i) only slightly deformed strata in the youngest Hecla Hoek (Oslobreen) Group in northeastern Svalbard yield especially rich Early to Mid-Ordovician faunas, (ii) The Hornsundian Geosyncline in south Spitsbergen with more variable facies and tectonic complications also exhibits Early Cambrian and Canadian strata, (iii) The Bjornoya succession reveals a marked hiatus between Vendian and Early and Mid-Ordovician strata, (iv) In western Svalbard the lack of Cambrian and Early Ordovician strata marks a distinct Mid Ordovician tectono-thermal event to be followed by ?Late Ordovician and Early Silurian strata. Indeed the above four areas correspond to distinct terranes which, having different affinities especially with areas in Greenland, give evidence of relatively distant areas and environments of formation. Evidence of Cambro-Ordovician volcanism is not recorded.Figure 14.1 lists the successions in the four areas mentioned according to the classification of rock units as abstracted from chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, where their regional settings may be found. The outcrops are plotted on Fig. 14.2. The northeastern Svalbard strata are separated by Hinlopenstretet. This waterway divides Ny Friesland and Olav V Land in Spitsbergen from northwestern Nordaustlandet and occupies a syncline, but the successions although differently named are essentially continuous. In southern Spitsbergen the fjord Hornsund separates the successions to the south in Sorkapp Land

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XIII. Researches on the structure, organization, and classification of the fossil reptilia. -Part IX., Section 3. On diademodon

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B ) ◽

10.1098/rstb.1894.0023 ◽

1894 ◽

Vol 185 ◽

pp. 1029-1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Cape Town ◽

Shoulder Girdle ◽

Middle Region ◽

The South ◽

The West ◽

Limb Bones ◽

Lower Jaw

The South African fossils with broad, flat, tuberculate tooth-crowns of mammalian type all from the eastern part of Cape Colony. Some of the most interesting are known from fragments, which indicate nothing but the middle region of the sail. They are apparently extremely rare. Two species, with teeth well preserved, found ten years ago by Dr. Kannemeyer, at Wonderboom, and presented to South African Museum, Cape Town, where they were brought under my notice by Peringuey. Others were found in a fragmentary condition by Mr. Alfred of Aliwal North, to the west of that town, in a bed which appeared to me be reconstructed. There is no doubt that the fossils are from the upper part of te Karroo formation, probably of Permian age, and below the Stormberg beds, in Saurischian fossils are found allied to those of the Trias of Europe. If the teeth had occurred isolated, without the means of demonstrating their rsemblance to Theriodonts, by comparison of what remains of the skull, it would have legitimate to have referred them to Mammals. There is no evidence of affinity Accept resemblances to Theriodonts, which show that the skull had pre-frontal and frontal bones, and therefore may be inferred to have had the lower jaw composite. The teeth are such as might be expected, perhaps, in a Monotreme Mammal, their interest is therefore the greater that there is no ground for suspecting them be mammalian, other than a general resemblance of the crown to the crowns of true teeth of Ornithorhynchus. That teeth of this type should occur in a group animals in which the shoulder-girdle and pelvis have monotreme characters, and in hich the principal limb bones are intermediate in character between Monotremes Marsupials, is evidence of a closer approximation between Mammals and Pep tiles has been manifest. And so far as I am aware the only Theriodont characters remaining to distinguish these animals from Mammals are the composite lower which is covered externally by the dentary bone along its whole length, and the resence of the pre-frontal, post-frontal, and transverse bones in the skull.

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