Charge effect on relative distance distribution of Fremy’s radical ions in frozen glassy solution studied by PELDOR

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Milov ◽  
Yu. D. Tsvetkov
Keyword(s):  
Distance Distribution ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Charge Effect ◽  
Radical Ions ◽  
Glassy Solution

New type electron gun with electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
T. Ichinokawa ◽  
H. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Charge Effect ◽  
Micro Fabrication ◽  
Maximum Brightness ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Ideal

I. IntroductionThermionic electron gun with the Wehnelt grid is popularly used in the electron microscopy and electron beam micro-fabrication. It is well known that this gun could get the ideal brightness caluculated from the Lengumier and Richardson equations under the optimum condition. However, the design and ajustment to the optimum condition is not so easy. The gun has following properties with respect to the Wehnelt bias; (1) The maximum brightness is got only in the optimum bias. (2) In the larger bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with increasing the bias voltage on account of the space charge effect. (3) In the smaller bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with bias voltage on account of spreading of the cross over spot due to the aberrations of the electrostatic immersion lens.In the present experiment, a new type electron gun with the electrostatic and electromagnetic lens is designed, and its properties are examined experimentally.

The sensing of relative distance.

1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter C. Gogel
Keyword(s):  
Relative Distance

Emittance growth and instability induced by space charge effect during final beam bunching in HIF accelerator system

2006 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 749-751
Author(s):  
T. Kikuchi ◽  
T. Someya ◽  
S. Kawata ◽  
M. Nakajima ◽  
K. Horioka
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Space Charge Effect ◽  
Charge Effect ◽  
Emittance Growth ◽  
Accelerator System

Center of Mass Theorem and the Separation of Variables for Two-Body System on a Three-Dimensional Sphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Yu. Kurochkin ◽  
Dz. Shoukavy ◽  
I. Boyarina
Keyword(s):  
Constant Curvature ◽  
Jacobi Equation ◽  
Separation Of Variables ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Dimensional Sphere ◽  
Body System ◽  
Spaces Of Constant Curvature ◽  
Hamilton Jacobi Equation

The immobility of the center of mass in spaces of constant curvature is postulated based on its definition obtained in [1]. The system of two particles which interact through a potential depending only on the distance between particles on a three-dimensional sphere is considered. The Hamilton-Jacobi equation is formulated and its solutions and trajectory equations are found. It was established that the reduced mass of the system depends on the relative distance.

Distance Distribution between Complex Network Nodes in Hyperbolic Space

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Alanis-Lobato ◽  
Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Hyperbolic Space ◽  
Distance Distribution ◽  
Network Nodes

Relative Distance-Aware Data Delivery Scheme for Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Long XU ◽  
Ming LIU ◽  
Hai-Gang GONG ◽  
Gui-Hai CHEN ◽  
Jian-Ping LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mobile Sensor Networks ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Mobile Sensor ◽  
Delay Tolerant

Properties and Reactivity of First and Second Row Hydrides. IV. Interactions Between Hydrides and Their Radical Ions

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Radical Cations ◽  
Stabilization Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Abstraction ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Radical Ions ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions ◽  
Heats Of Reaction ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Easy Differentiation

The energies and heats of ion-molecule reactions have been calculated (MP4/6-31G**//6-31G** or better level) and compared with the experimental values obtained from the heats of formation. Two main types of reactions have been studied: (i) AHn + AHn+• ↔ AHn+1+ + AHn-1• (A = C to F and Si to Cl), (ii) AHn + BHm+• ↔ AHn+1+ + BHm-1• or AHn-1+• + BHm+1+ (A and B = C to F). In contrast to (i), processes of type (ii) permit easy differentiation between the proton transfer and hydrogen atom abstraction mechanisms. A third type of interaction involves reactions with radical anions (A = Li to F); comparison was made with analogous processes with radical cations. A brief comment is made about the influence of the level of computational sophistication on the energies and heats of reaction, as well as on the stabilization energy of a hydrogen bonded intermediate, a structure which is similar to that of the reaction products.

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