Privacy and security policy choices in an NII environment

1996 ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Willis Ware
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Policy Choices

User password repetitive patterns analysis and visualization

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Yu ◽  
Qi Liao
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Efficient Algorithms ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Word Cloud ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Password Security

Purpose – Passwords have been designed to protect individual privacy and security and widely used in almost every area of our life. The strength of passwords is therefore critical to the security of our systems. However, due to the explosion of user accounts and increasing complexity of password rules, users are struggling to find ways to make up sufficiently secure yet easy-to-remember passwords. This paper aims to investigate whether there are repetitive patterns when users choose passwords and how such behaviors may affect us to rethink password security policy. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop a model to formalize the password repetitive problem and design efficient algorithms to analyze the repeat patterns. To help security practitioners to analyze patterns, the authors design and implement a lightweight, Web-based visualization tool for interactive exploration of password data. Findings – Through case studies on a real-world leaked password data set, the authors demonstrate how the tool can be used to identify various interesting patterns, e.g. shorter substrings of the same type used to make up longer strings, which are then repeated to make up the final passwords, suggesting that the length requirement of password policy does not necessarily increase security. Originality/value – The contributions of this study are two-fold. First, the authors formalize the problem of password repetitive patterns by considering both short and long substrings and in both directions, which have not yet been considered in past. Efficient algorithms are developed and implemented that can analyze various repeat patterns quickly even in large data set. Second, the authors design and implement four novel visualization views that are particularly useful for exploration of password repeat patterns, i.e. the character frequency charts view, the short repeat heatmap view, the long repeat parallel coordinates view and the repeat word cloud view.

Materialities between security and privacy: A constructivist account of airport security scanners

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govert Valkenburg ◽  
Irma van der Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Technologies ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Security Regime ◽  
Security Problem ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The One

What concepts such as ‘security’ and ‘privacy’ mean in practice is not merely a matter of policy choices or value concepts, but is inherently tied up with the socio-material and technological arrangement of the practices in which they come to matter. In this article, one trajectory in the implementation of a security regime into the sociotechnical arrangement of airport security checking is reconstructed. During this trajectory, gradual modifications or ‘translations’ are performed on what are initially defined as the privacy and security problems. The notion of translation is used to capture the modifications that concepts undergo between different stages of the process: the initial security problem shifts, transforms and comes to be aligned with several other interests and values. We articulate how such translations take place in the material realm, where seemingly technical and natural-scientific givens take part in the negotiations. On the one hand, these negotiations may produce technologies that perform social inequalities. On the other hand, it is in this material realm that translations of problem definitions appear as simply technical issues, exempted from democratic governance. The forms of privacy and security that emerge in the end are thus specific versions with specific social effects, which do not follow in an obvious way from the generic, initial concepts. By focusing on problem definitions and their translations at various stages of the development, we explain how it is possible for potentially stigmatizing and privacy-encroaching effects to occur, even though the security technologies were introduced exactly to preclude those effects.

An Examination of Global Municipal Government Privacy and Security Policies

2013 ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Aroon Manoharan ◽  
Marc Fudge
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This chapter highlights the research findings of a longitudinal study of online privacy and security practices among global municipalities conducted in 2005 and 2007. As cities worldwide implement sophisticated e-government platforms to increasingly provide services online, many barriers still inhibit the adoption of such strategies by the citizen users, and one such factor is the availability of a comprehensive privacy policy. The survey examines cities throughout the world based upon their population size, the total number of individuals using the Internet, and the percentage of individuals using the Internet. Specifically, we examined if the website has a privacy or security policy, does the website utilize digital signatures and if the website has a policy addressing the use of cookies to track users. Overall, results indicate that cities are increasingly emphasizing on privacy and security policies with major improvements in 2007, along with significant changes in the top ranking cities in when compared to the 2005 study.

Do Privacy Statements Really Work?

Cyber Crime ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 695-712
Author(s):  
Hamid R. Nemati ◽  
Thomas Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Consumer Trust ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Fair Information Practices ◽  
Privacy Statements

Companies today collect, store and process enormous amounts of information in order to identify, gain, and maintain customers. Electronic commerce and advances in database and communication technology allow business to collect and analyze more personal information with greater ease and efficiency than ever before. This has resulted in increased privacy concerns and a lack of trust among consumers. These concerns have prompted the FCC to call for the use of Fair Information Practices in electronic commerce. Many firms have added privacy statements, formal declarations of privacy and security policy, to their e-commerce web sites in an attempt to reduce privacy concerns by increasing consumer trust in the firm and reducing the perceived risk associated with e-commerce transactions. This article describes an experiment designed to determine the efficacy of that strategy.

scholarly journals The limits of (digital) constitutionalism: Exploring the privacy-security (im)balance in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Mann ◽  
Angela Daly ◽  
Michael Wilson ◽  
Nicolas Suzor
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Telecommunications Policy ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Internet Freedom ◽  
High Level

This article explores the challenges of digital constitutionalism in practice through a case study examining how concepts of privacy and security have been framed and contested in Australian cyber security and telecommunications policy-making over the last decade. The Australian Government has formally committed to ‘internet freedom’ norms, including privacy, through membership of the Freedom Online Coalition (FOC). Importantly, however, this commitment is non-binding and designed primarily to guide the development of policy by legislators and the executive government. Through this analysis, we seek to understand if, and how, principles of digital constitutionalism have been incorporated at the national level. Our analysis suggests a fundamental challenge for the project of digital constitutionalism in developing and implementing principles that have practical or legally binding impact on domestic telecommunications and cyber security policy. Australia is the only major Western liberal democracy without comprehensive constitutional human rights or a legislated bill of rights at the federal level; this means that the task of ‘balancing’ what are conceived as competing rights is left only to the legislature. Our analysis shows that despite high-level commitments to privacy as per the Freedom Online Coalition, individual rights are routinely discounted against collective rights to security. We conclude by arguing that, at least in Australia, the domestic conditions limit the practical application and enforcement of digital constitutionalism’s norms.

scholarly journals The Value of Privacy and Surveillance Drones in the Public Domain: Scrutinizing the Dutch Flexible Deployment of Mobile Cameras Act

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerdo Kuiper ◽  
Quirine Eijkman
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Mobile Cameras ◽  
Different Dimensions

The flexible deployment of drones in the public domain, is in this article assessed from a legal philosophical perspective. On the basis of theories of Dworkin and Moore the distinction between individual rights and collective security policy goals is discussed. Mobile cameras in the public domain reflect how innovative technological tools challenge public authorities in new ways to balance between privacy and security. Furthermore, the different dimensions of privacy and the distinction between the three types of the value of privacy are reviewed. On the basis of the case study of the Dutch Drones Act, the article concludes that the flexible deployment of mobile cameras in the public domain is not legitimate from a normative perspective. The legal safeguards in the Netherlands are insufficient to protect the value of privacy. Therefore, further restrictions such as prior judicial review should be considered.

Do Privacy Statements Really Work?

2011 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Hamid R. Nemati ◽  
Thomas Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Consumer Trust ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Fair Information Practices ◽  
Privacy Statements

Companies today collect, store and process enormous amounts of information in order to identify, gain, and maintain customers. Electronic commerce and advances in database and communication technology allow business to collect and analyze more personal information with greater ease and efficiency than ever before. This has resulted in increased privacy concerns and a lack of trust among consumers. These concerns have prompted the FCC to call for the use of Fair Information Practices in electronic commerce. Many firms have added privacy statements, formal declarations of privacy and security policy, to their e-commerce web sites in an attempt to reduce privacy concerns by increasing consumer trust in the firm and reducing the perceived risk associated with e-commerce transactions. This article describes an experiment designed to determine the efficacy of that strategy.

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