Miti e utopie della modernità nelle Riflessioni sulla violenza di Georges Sorel

This paper analyses the work Riflessioni sulla violenza written by Georges Sorel and published in 1908. The principal aim of this paper is to present the deep relationship between myth, violence and politics in order to reevaluate how irrational forces have guided social movements and revolutions. The distinction between the notions of force and violence introduces the central thesis of Georges Sorel’s political thought, which is called anarcho-syndacalism. More specifically, George Sorel puts together Marx and Bergson in order to develop a severe criticism of the Third Republic and to theorize the role of violence in the transition from capitalism to socialism. Through the myth of the general strike, Sorel introduces his philosophical perspective on social struggles against the parlamentarism.

ANALYSIS ON ALTERNATE UNIVERSE POPULARITY'S EFFECT ON DIGITAL-ERA SOCIETY'S READING HABIT IN PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

In the current digital era, internet access became easier moreover with the new 5G technology. Some parts of the society, namely the Millenials and Gen-Z, have been exposed to the said technology since they were in school. Creative ideas poured intensively by them as a result of said technology; one of them being in literature, i.e. popular literature. Everyone is able to become a writer or just to read someone else's work. To complement, internet can also be used as a realization of our imagination. The chance is then exploited by fans of some fandom who want to realize their creativity in form of fictional works to create satisfaction and joy both for writers and readers. Considering that, fanfiction emerges and receives attention because of its uniqueness. Previous researches on fanfiction have shown how fanfiction became exist in society. For that reason ,we are interested to study whether there is a relation between the popularity of fanfiction with society's reading habit. Moreover, we try to discover factors that influence this habit. We found that the popularity indeed has a relation with reading habit, eventhough not entirely influences it. Furthermore, we also compare fanfiction's popularity with other types of literature to measure how popular fanfiction is in the society.

ANALYSIS ON ALTERNATE UNIVERSE POPULARITY'S EFFECT ON DIGITAL-ERA SOCIETY'S READING HABIT IN PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

In the current digital era, internet access became easier moreover with the new 5G technology. Some parts of the society, namely the Millenials and Gen-Z, have been exposed to the said technology since they were in school. Creative ideas poured intensively by them as a result of said technology; one of them being in literature, i.e. popular literature. Everyone is able to become a writer or just to read someone else's work. To complement, internet can also be used as a realization of our imagination. The chance is then exploited by fans of some fandom who want to realize their creativity in form of fictional works to create satisfaction and joy both for writers and readers. Considering that, fanfiction emerges and receives attention because of its uniqueness. Previous researches on fanfiction have shown how fanfiction became exist in society. For that reason ,we are interested to study whether there is a relation between the popularity of fanfiction with society's reading habit. Moreover, we try to discover factors that influence this habit. We found that the popularity indeed has a relation with reading habit, eventhough not entirely influences it. Furthermore, we also compare fanfiction's popularity with other types of literature to measure how popular fanfiction is in the society.

Tinjauan Filosofis Egoisme dalam Komunikasi Politik di Era Pandemi Covid-19: Tantangan Kampanye Daring Pilkada Serentak Tahun 2020 di Indonesia

Indonesia has held simultaneous regional elections on 9th December 2020. In contrast to previous years, when the campaign became a moment for citizens to gather with their prospective leaders, the Covid-19 pandemic forced the limitation of face-to-face meetings in order to implement Covid-19 health protocols. The government through the General Elections Commission (KPU) has issued General Election Commission Regulation (PKPU) 13/2020 which has explicitly encouraged candidate to use digital media in political campaigns. This is an effort to encourage candidates to take advantage of the digital space in campaigning. Currently, the candidates already have social media, but its use has not become the main information channel in political communication. During this campaign period, the candidates have used social media as a channel of political communication, but the social media used is limited to conveying invitations or information that the candidate has attended an activity, so social media has not become the main information channel in campaigning. The lack of organizing an online campaign by this candidate viewed from a philosophical perspective of egoism, based on the idea that the public or prospective voters are more focused on themselves. Participating in a online campaign for prospective voters requires extra sacrifices such as paying for internet quota fees, it is more troublesome because prospective voters have to learn to operate a online video application, and there are no direct benefits. The challenges faced in implementing an online campaign include, firstly, because it is preferred by the community, it is believed that the community prefers to meet face-to-face with the prospective leader directly because it provides direct benefits to the community, secondly, it is right on target because an online election campaign will not attract people, new voters because it will only be followed by voters who firmly support the candidate. Thirdly, because of the lack of creativity from the campaign team due to the lack of innovation from the candidates for not building a team that campaigns boldly, in addition to innovation, infrastructure problems that the evaluation of signal interference and the uneven distribution of digital infrastructure in the regions have hampered the implementation of bold campaigns.

Análisis filosófico sobre el currículum de Educación Física en Chile (Philosophical analysis of the Physical Education curriculum in Chile)

La Educación Física moderna surge con la fundamentación de la filosofía moderna, en la cual destaca la corriente racionalista y positivista. De este modo, las primeras bases curriculares se desarrollaron con el enfoque conductista de la pedagogía por objetivos, orientado por la estandarización, la univocidad ideológica, la mirada objetivista de la corporalidad, la reproducción de contenidos didácticos, el aprendizaje pasivo, la rigidez, el discurso de neutralidad y la obsesión por la eficacia. Después de varias décadas de aquella perspectiva surgieron en el mundo y, sobre todo, en Europa, perspectivas teóricas que propusieron bases filosóficas posmodernas. Orientadas por la relatividad, la pluralidad ideológica, la mirada subjetiva de la corporalidad, la flexibilidad, la contextualización, el posicionamiento histórico-cultural y el aprendizaje activo. Aquella mirada posmoderna no estaría muy reflejada en el contexto escolar chileno, de modo que este ensayo se propuso analizar desde la perspectiva filosófica algunos aspectos problemáticos que existirían en torno al currículum de Educación Física escolar en Chile. Los resultados del análisis muestran tres aspectos curriculares conflictivos, asociados al SIMCE de Educación Física, al enfoque orientado a la salud que propone el nuevo nombre de la asignatura y al diferente paradigma curricular entre la formación inicial docente con la realidad escolar. Este conocimiento refleja que existen importantes desafíos curriculares en torno a la asignatura y el contexto estudiado, sobre todo, para integrar los nuevos saberes contemporáneos. Aquello también exige un amplio debate en torno a la materia y una amplia participación del profesorado como del alumnado. Abstract. Modern Physical Education arises with the foundation of modern philosophy, in which the rationalist and positivist current stands out. Thus, the first curricular bases were developed with the behaviorist approach of pedagogy by objectives, oriented by standardization, ideological univocity, the objectivist view of corporeality, the reproduction of didactic contents, passive learning, rigidity, the discourse of neutrality and the obsession with efficiency. After several decades of that perspective, theoretical perspectives emerged in the world, especially in Europe, that proposed postmodern philosophical bases. Oriented by relativity, ideological plurality, the subjective view of corporeality, flexibility, contextualization, historical-cultural positioning and active learning. That postmodern look would not be very much reflected in the Chilean school context, so this essay was proposed to analyze from a philosophical perspective some problematic aspects that would exist around the school Physical Education curriculum in Chile. The results of the analysis show three conflicting curricular aspects, associated with the SIMCE of Physical Education, the health-oriented approach proposed by the new name of the subject and the different curricular paradigm between initial teacher training and school reality. This knowledge reflects that there are important curricular challenges around the subject and the context studied, above all, to integrate new contemporary knowledge. This also requires a broad debate on the subject and a wide participation of both teachers and students.

Reconsidering The World Republic of Letters: A Qualunque Community of Literatures

In the preface to the English edition of The World Republic of Letters, Pascale Casanova focuses on the existence of a literary world/universe, which maintains a relative autonomy from the world and its political disparities and restrictions. This suggested ideal of a literary space is an attempt to posit world literature as an alternative chronotope in which literary production can survive and multiply transnationally. My paper will offer a reconsideration of this global literary space, read via a philosophical perspective, shaped by the famous discussion of the common and community as conducted by Giorgio Agamben, Maurice Blanchot, Georges Bataille, among others. Within the above theoretical frame, my attempt will be to reread Casanova’s contribution to World Literature as a desired community of literature(s), formed by the coming together of qualunque singularities which co-exist and co-belong without “any representable condition of belonging” (Agamben). Furthermore, the idea of qualunque (whatever) will constitute the starting point for the ethico-political reconsideration and reconceptualisation of the global literary space offered by Casanova, not only without borders but also without hierarchies.

Sustainable Corporate Responsibility

In this chapter, I begin by reflecting on the origins and historical context of terms related to sustainability and business, including but not limited to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Corporate Citizenship, and so on. I discuss what they mean, their purpose and limitations. I explore different, multilateral initiatives and frameworks pertaining to sustainability, in particular ones adopted by UN member states and how these apply to businesses. The role of corporate involvement and contribution, moving from a reactive to proactive sustainability engagement, is addressed. The responsibility of corporations from a philosophical perspective including key ethical schools of thoughts is also addressed.

ANIMAL SIDE OF HUMAN ECONOMIC BEING

Описываемая в статье проблема эволюционной трансформации экономической субъективности на два поляризованных модуса - человека и животного обусловливает разрушение их единства и формирование между ними экзистенциально значимой границы в форме негативности, через которую образуется стратегия выведения человеком себя из лона животного бытия в структуру либидинально экономического инобытия Другого. Проанализированная в историко-философском ракурсе тема Другого определяется различными философами, как стихийно интенсивная деконструкция человеческого и животного начал в способе их экономического сосуществования. В результате исследования выявлено, что неуравновешенная граница между животным и человеком в форме либидинального экономизма, выводит антропологическую субъективность на дегуманизацию ею своей же собственной аутентично имманентной ценности оживотворенного бытия. The problem of the evolutionary transformation of economic subjectivity into two polarized modes, human and animal, described in this article, causes the destruction of their unity and the formation of an existentially significant border between them in the form of negativity, through which a strategy is formed for a person to remove himself from the bosom of animal existence into the structure of libidinal economic the other being of the Other. Analyzed in a historical and philosophical perspective, the theme of the Other is defined by various philosophers as a spontaneously intensive deconstruction of the human and animal principles in the way of their economic coexistence. As a result of this study, it has been revealed that the unbalanced boundary between animal and human in the form of libidinal economism leads anthropological subjectivity to dehumanize its own authentically immanent value of animate being.