scholarly journals Dark Matter as dark dwarfs and other macroscopic objects: multiverse relics?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gross ◽  
Giacomo Landini ◽  
Alessandro Strumia ◽  
Daniele Teresi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Primordial Black Holes ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Macroscopic Objects ◽  
Chandrasekhar Limit ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract First order phase transitions can leave relic pockets of false vacua and their particles, that manifest as macroscopic Dark Matter. We compute one predictive model: a gauge theory with a dark quark relic heavier than the confinement scale. During the first order phase transition to confinement, dark quarks remain in the false vacuum and get compressed, forming Fermi balls that can undergo gravitational collapse to stable dark dwarfs (bound states analogous to white dwarfs) near the Chandrasekhar limit, or primordial black holes.

scholarly journals Correlated gravitational wave and microlensing signals of macroscopic dark matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Marfatia ◽  
Po-Yan Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract Fermion dark matter particles can aggregate to form extended dark matter structures via a first-order phase transition in which the particles get trapped in the false vacuum. We study Fermi balls created in a phase transition induced by a generic quartic thermal effective potential. We show that for Fermi balls of mass, 3 × 10−12M⊙ ≲ MFB ≲ 10−5M⊙, correlated observations of gravitational waves produced during the phase transition (at SKA/THEIA/μAres), and gravitational microlensing caused by Fermi balls (at Subaru-HSC), can be made.

scholarly journals Gravitational wave signals of dark matter freeze-out

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Marfatia ◽  
Po-Yan Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
Stochastic Background ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Relic Abundance ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Freeze Out

Abstract We study the stochastic background of gravitational waves which accompany the sudden freeze-out of dark matter triggered by a cosmological first order phase transition that endows dark matter with mass. We consider models that produce the measured dark matter relic abundance via (1) bubble filtering, and (2) inflation and reheating, and show that gravitational waves from these mechanisms are detectable at future interferometers.

scholarly journals Dark Matter production from relativistic bubble walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Azatov ◽  
Miguel Vanvlasselaer ◽  
Wen Yin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Relic Abundance ◽  
Higgs Portal ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Gravitational Background

Abstract In this paper we present a novel mechanism for producing the observed Dark Matter (DM) relic abundance during the First Order Phase Transition (FOPT) in the early universe. We show that the bubble expansion with ultra-relativistic velocities can lead to the abundance of DM particles with masses much larger than the scale of the transition. We study this non-thermal production mechanism in the context of a generic phase transition and the electroweak phase transition. The application of the mechanism to the Higgs portal DM as well as the signal in the Stochastic Gravitational Background are discussed.

ON THE STRUCTURE OF SUPERCRITICAL PHASE TRANSITION

1990 ◽  
Vol 05 (14) ◽  
pp. 1081-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUMI S. HIRATA ◽  
HISAKAZU MINAKATA
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
Close Analogy ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Supercritical Phase ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Irreversible Nature

A novel physical picture is presented for the normal-to-supercritical "phase" transition in QED around a large-Z nucleus. The process is described as the decay of the false vacuum in close analogy to the first-order phase transition in statistical mechanics. The irreversible nature of the transition is pointed out and the physical implications of this picture are discussed.

Phase transitions and topological defects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kachelriess
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
First Order ◽  
Broken Symmetries ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
True Vacuum ◽  
First Order Phase

As the early universe cools down, it may perform transitions to phases with more and more broken symmetries. In a first-order phase transition, fields may be trapped in the false vacuum; the rate of the resulting tunneling process to the true vacuum is derived. Phase transitions can lead also to the formation of topological defects. Their structure and the reason for their stability are discussed.

scholarly journals Filtered asymmetric dark matter during the Peccei-Quinn phase transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahmadvand
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Annihilation Process ◽  
Density Spectrum ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Asymmetric Dark Matter ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract In this paper, we propose a bubble filtering-out mechanism for an asymmetric dark matter scenario during the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) phase transition. Based on a QCD axion model, extended by extra chiral neutrinos, we show that the PQ phase transition can be first order in the parameter space of the model and regarding the PQ symmetry breaking scale, the mechanism can generate PeV-scale heavy neutrinos as a dark matter candidate. Considering a CP-violating source, during the phase transition, discriminating between the neutrino and antineutrino number density, we find the observed dark matter relic abundance, such that the setup can be applied to the first order phase transition with different strengths. We then calculate effective couplings of the QCD axion addressing the strong CP problem within the model. We also study the energy density spectrum of gravitational waves generated from the first order phase transition and show that the signals can be detected by future ground-based detectors such as Einstein Telescope. In particular, for a visible heavy axion case of the model, it is shown that gravitational waves can be probed by DECIGO and BBO interferometers. Furthermore, we discuss the dark matter-standard model neutrino annihilation process as a source for the creation of PeV-scale neutrinos.

scholarly journals A first order dark SU(2) D phase transition with vector dark matter in the light of NANOGrav 12.5 yr data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
pp. 039
Author(s):  
Debasish Borah ◽  
Arnab Dasgupta ◽  
Sin Kyu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Scalar Potential ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Complex Scalar ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Vector Bosons ◽  
Relic Abundance ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract We study a dark SU(2) D gauge extension of the standard model (SM) with the possibility of a strong first order phase transition (FOPT) taking place below the electroweak scale in the light of NANOGrav 12.5 yr data. As pointed out recently by the NANOGrav collaboration, gravitational waves (GW) from such a FOPT with appropriate strength and nucleation temperature can explain their 12.5 yr data. We impose a classical conformal invariance on the scalar potential of SU(2) D sector involving only a complex scalar doublet with negligible couplings with the SM Higgs. While a FOPT at sub-GeV temperatures can give rise to stochastic GW around nano-Hz frequencies being in agreement with NANOGrav findings, the SU(2) D vector bosons which acquire masses as a result of the FOPT in dark sector, can also serve as dark matter (DM) in the universe. The relic abundance of such vector DM can be generated in a non-thermal manner from the SM bath via scalar portal mixing. We also discuss future sensitivity of gravitational wave experiments to the model parameter space.

NUCLEATION OF VACUUM BUBBLES OF A SELF-GRAVITATING SCALAR FIELD

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUL H. LEE ◽  
WONWOO LEE
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Nonminimal Coupling ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
True Vacuum ◽  
Self Gravity ◽  
First Order Phase

The case of a self-gravitating scalar field under-going the first-order phase transition is studied. Particularly the effects of self gravity on the nucleation of vacuum bubbles is investigated. We also investigate what modifications are induced by the introduction of nonminimal coupling of the scalar field. The possibility of nucleation of false vacuum bubbles within the true vacuum background in the case of a nonminimally coupled scalar field is discussed.

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