IL-2 −330 T/G SNP and serum values—potential new tumor markers in neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (GEP-NETs)

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Cigrovski Berković ◽  
Mladen Jokić ◽  
Jasminka Marout ◽  
Senka Radošević ◽  
Vanja Zjačić-Rotkvić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine Tumors — Laboratory Diagnosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tzontcheva
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Endocrine Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Well Differentiated

Neuroendocrine Tumors — Laboratory DiagnosisNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from endocrine cells, which are characterized by the presence of secretory granules as well as the ability to produce biogenic amines and polypeptide hormones. These tumors originate from endocrine glands such as the adrenal medulla, the pituitary, and the parathyroids, as well as endocrine islets within the thyroid or the pancreas, and dispersed endocrine cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. The clinical behavior of NETs is extremely variable; they may be functioning or not functioning, ranging from very slow-growing tumors (well-differentiated NETs), which are the majority, to highly aggressive and very malignant tumors (poorly differentiated NETs). Classically, NETs of the gastrointestinal tract are classified into 2 main groups: (1) carcinoids and (2) endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPTs). Most neuroendocrine tumors produce and secrete a multitude of peptide hormones and amines. Some of these substances cause a specific clinical syndrome: carcinoid, Zollinger-Ellison, hyperglycemic, glucagonoma and WDHA syndrome. Specific markers for these syndromes are basal and/or stimulated levels of urinary 5-HIAA, serum or plasma gastrin, insulin, glucagon and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, respectively. Some carcinoid tumors and about one third of endocrine pancreatic tumors do not present any clinical symptoms and are called ‘nonfunctioning’ tumors. Therefore, general tumor markers such as chromogranin A, pancreatic polypeptide, serum neuron-specific enolase and subunits of glycoprotein hormones have been used for screening purposes in patients without distinct clinical hormone-related symptoms. Among these general tumor markers chromogranin A, although its precise function is not yet established, has been shown to be a very sensitive and specific serum marker for various types of neuroendocrine tumors. This is because it may also be elevated in many cases of less well-differentiated tumors of neuroendocrine origin that do not secrete known hormones. At the moment, chromogranin A is considered the best general neuroendocrine serum or plasma marker available both for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation, and is increased in 50-100% of patients with various neuroendocrine tumors. Chromogranin A serum or plasma levels reflect tumor load, and it may be an independent marker of prognosis in patients with midgut carcinoids.

scholarly journals CD117 (c-kit), CD34, and DOG-1 Immunoreactivity in Neuroendocrine Tumors of Gastrointestinal Tract

2012 ◽  
Vol 138 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A239-A239
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Yergiyev ◽  
Jan F. Silverman ◽  
Yulin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors

Current aspects of diagnosis and treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Lysanyuk ◽  
Pavel N. Romashchenko ◽  
Nicolay A. Maistrenko
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Degree Of Malignancy

The article presents modern possibilities and existing problematic aspects of the choice of therapeutic and diagnostic tactics in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas are presented. The asymptomatic course of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas was established in 18.5% and 24.6% of cases, respectively. Carcinoid syndrome was detected in 12.9%. The sensitivity rates of chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase in the diagnosis of tumors were 54% and 13%, respectively. The levels of cancer-embryonic antigen in G-1/G-2 and G-3 tumors were 5 ng/ml and 8.9 ng/ml, respectively (p 0.001). A pathognomonic sign of neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine is a mesentery tumor conglomerate, and the sensitivity rates of computed tomography and positron emission tomography with 68Ga to detect this sign were 92.3% and 92.9%, respectively (p 0.05). The computed tomographic density of neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors G-1/G-2 in the arterial phase was 112.1 40.2 HU and that of G-3 tumors was 54.0 10.4 HU (p = 0.025). Surgical treatment was performed in 259 (79.7%) patients. Postoperative complications that developed in localized and locally distributed neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and of the pancreas were found in 3.5% and 8.8%, and in 58.1% and 40% of the cases, respectively, and those of generalized tumors were noted in 20%. The tumor-specific 5-year survival rates of patients with localized neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas were 92.5% and 94.4%, those with locally distributed tumors had 66.8% and 77.8%, and those with generalized tumors had 51.8% and 47.1%, respectively. In patients with generalized tumors, the 5-year survival rates after cytoreduction and removal of the primary tumor were 88.2% and 64.6%, respectively (p = 0.097), and the rate after drug therapy was 28.8% (p 0.001). The prognosis of the 5-year survival of patients is determined by the degree of malignancy and tumor localization, treatment method, and patient age. In general, neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that require a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and choice of therapeutic strategies.

Neuroendocrine tumor of the periappendicular area of the cecum bottom – a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Lukáš Bača ◽  
Róbert Psár ◽  
Martin Hanousek ◽  
Petr Fojtík
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cells ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Slow Growing

Neuroendocrine tumors are slow-growing neoplasms, histologically based on enteroendocrine cells. They are tumors with different degrees of differentiation, uncertain bio­logical nature and metastatic ability. Their most common localization is the gastrointestinal tract, with a special group of the neuroendocrine tumors of appendix, which are incidentally found after appendectomy. In case report, we would like to present a case of a patient with neuroendocrine tumors of appendix dia­gnosed by colonoscopy.

scholarly journals P-0139 Xelox Regimen in Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors of Gastrointestinal Tract (Preliminary Results)

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. iv71
Author(s):  
Alla Markovich ◽  
Vera Gorbunova ◽  
Nadezhda Orel ◽  
Galina Emelyanova
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Preliminary Results

scholarly journals The ENETS and AJCC/UICC TNM classifications of the neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas: a statement

2010 ◽  
Vol 456 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Klöppel ◽  
Guido Rindi ◽  
Aurel Perren ◽  
Paul Komminoth ◽  
David S. Klimstra
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the gastrointestinal tract: Patterns of management and experience at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 326-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Farhan Zafar ◽  
Dattatraya Hari Patil ◽  
John S. Kauh ◽  
Volkan Adsay ◽  
Edith Brutcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Emory University ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Significant Factors

326 Background: NET are a group of diverse malignancies observed commonly in the gastrointestinal tract. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) have been reported to have worse outcomes as compared to neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GNET). Our objective was to compare the clinical characteristics, patterns of treatment and survival in PanNET and GNET. Methods: After IRB approval, we identified 379 patients (pts) from 1996-2011 in the Winship registry. A chart review was done. Patients were categorized in mutually exclusive groups of PanNET and GNET. Results: Demographic information and basic characteristics are listed in the table. Treatment modalities for PanNET included surgery (91%), chemotherapy (14%), biologics (sunitinib or everolimus)(6%) and somatostatin analogues (11%). Liver directed therapies were employed in 30 pts with PanNET. Most common modality was radiofrequency ablation (23 pts) followed by Yttrium-90 embolization (5 pts) and chemoembolization (2 pt).Treatment for GNET included surgery (78%), chemotherapy (11%) and somatostatin analogues (17%). Median survival for GNET (all stage) was 11.6 years and PanNET (all stage) was 10.5 years (p=0.063). Using multivariate analysis, only age at diagnosis (p<0.001 for age cohort of <55 yrs) and clinical stage (p=0.002, for local disease) were found to be significant factors. Conclusions: Pts with NET have good prognosis. In our series, both PanNET and GNET, had comparable survival outcomes even in advanced stage. [Table: see text]

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