Early tapetal degeneration and meiotic defects are involved in the male sterility  of Solanum commersonii (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrids

Plant male sterility refers to the failure in the production of fertile pollen. It occurs spontaneously in natural populations and may be caused by genes encoded in the nuclear (genic male sterility; GMS) or mitochondrial (cytoplasmic male sterility; CMS) genomes. This feature has great agronomic value for the production of hybrid seeds and has been widely used in crops, such as corn, rice, wheat, citrus, and several species of the family Solanaceae. Mitochondrial genes determining CMS have been uncovered in a wide range of plant species. The modes of action of CMS have been classified in terms of the effect they produce in the cell, which ultimately leads to a failure in the production of pollen. Male fertility can be restored by nuclear-encoded genes, termed restorer-of-fertility (Rf) factors. CMS from wild plants has been transferred to species of agronomic interest through somatic hybridization. Somatic hybrids have also been produced to generate CMS de novo upon recombination of the mitochondrial genomes of two parental plants or by separating the CMS cytoplasm from the nuclear Rf alleles

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Synthesis of hexaploid (AABBCC) somatic hybrids: a bridging material for transfer of ‘tour’ cytoplasmic male sterility to different Brassica species

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf00226099 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 762-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

N. Arumugam ◽

A. Mukhopadhyay ◽

V. Gupta ◽

D. Pental ◽

A. K. Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Somatic Hybrids ◽

Brassica Species

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Mitochondrial Genome Recombination in Somatic Hybrids of Solanum Commersonii and S. Tuberosum

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1091981/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kwang-Soo Cho ◽

Hyun-Oh Lee ◽

Sang-Choon Lee ◽

Hyun-Jin Park ◽

Jin-Hee Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Hybrid ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Somatic Hybrids ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

45S Rdna ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Solanum Commersonii ◽

Hybrid Form ◽

Plastid Genomes ◽

Conserved Genes

Abstract Interspecific somatic hybridization has been performed in potato breeding experiments to increase plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stress conditions. We analyzed the mitochondrial and plastid genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) for the cultivated potato (S. tuberosum, St), wild potato (S. commersonii, Sc), and their somatic hybrid (StSc). Complex genome components and structure, such as the hybrid form of 45S rDNA in StSc, unique plastome in Sc, and recombinant mitogenome were identified. However, the mitogenome exhibited dynamic multipartite structures in both species as well as in the somatic hybrid. In St, the mitogenome is 756,058 bp and is composed of five subgenomes ranging from 297,014 to 49,171 bp in St. In Sc, it is 552,103 bp long and is composed of two sub-genomes of 338,427 and 213,676 bp length. StSc has 447,645 bp long mitogenome with two subgenomes of length 398,439 and 49,206 bp. The mitogenome structure exhibited dynamic recombination mediated by tandem repeats; however, it contained highly conserved genes in the three species. Among the 35 protein-coding genes of the StSc mitogenome, 21 were identical for all the three species, and 12 and 2 were unique in Sc and St, respectively. The recombinant mitogenome might be derived from homologous recombination between both species during somatic hybrid development.

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Recent Progress using Somatic Hybridization and Cybridization in Efforts to Develop High Quality Seedless Mandarin Hybrids

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1104c ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1104C-1104

Author(s):

Jude Grosser ◽

Milicia Calovic ◽

Patricia Serrano ◽

Fred Gmitter ◽

J. L. Chandler

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Protoplast Fusion ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Somatic Hybridization ◽

Somatic Hybrids ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

High Quality ◽

Satsuma Mandarin ◽

Kinnow Mandarin

The international fresh citrus market now demands high-quality, seedless fruit that must also be easy to peel for consumer convenience, especially when considering new mandarin varieties. High quality varieties that historically perform well in Florida are generally seedy. Florida is therefore losing market-share to `Clementine' and other seedless varieties produced in Mediterranean climates, including Spain, Morocco, and California. In our ongoing program, somatic hybridization and cybridization via protoplast fusion are now playing a key role in strategies to develop competitive seedless mandarin hybrids adapted to Florida. Somatic hybridization is being used to combine elite diploid parents to produce high quality allotetraploid breeding parents that can be used in interploid crosses to generate seedless triploids. Several thousand triploid mandarin hybrids have been produced under the direction of F.G. Gmitter, Jr. Some of our allotetraploid somatic hybrids are producing fruit with direct cultivar potential, i.e., 'Valencia' sweet orange + `Murcott' tangor. New somatic hybrids produced in our program will be discussed, including `Page' tangor + `Dancy' mandarin, `Page' tangor + `Kinnow' mandarin, and `Hamlin' sweet orange + LB8-9 tangelo. Somatic cybridization is being used to transfer CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) from the seedless `Satsuma' mandarin to other seedy varieties via mtDNA transfer, in efforts to make them seedless. New somatic cybrids produced in our program that contain the `Satsuma' CMS include `Murcott' tangor and `Kinnow' mandarin. Details of these results and other progress will be discussed.

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Fertility of somatic hybrids Solanum commersonii (2x, 1EBN) (+) S. tuberosum haploid (2x, 2EBN) in intra- and inter-EBN crosses

Genome ◽

10.1139/g98-082 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 776-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D Carputo ◽

P Garreffa ◽

M Mazzei ◽

L Monti ◽

T Cardi

Keyword(s):

Somatic Hybrid ◽

Potato Breeding ◽

Somatic Hybrids ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Solanum Commersonii ◽

Viable Seeds

Solanum commersonii (+) S. tuberosum hybrids with different endosperm balance numbers (EBN) and ploidy were used in various crossing schemes with 4EBN S. tuberosum cultivars and a 3EBN somatic hybrid to test their behavior in intra- and inter-EBN crosses and to derive a BC1 population for potato breeding. The somatic hybrids included 12 tetraploids (2n = 48, 3EBN), 18 hypotetraploids (2n = 43-47, 3EBN), 2 hexaploids (2n = 72, 4 or 5EBN), and 5 hypohexaploids (2n = 63-70, 4 or 5EBN). The results confirmed that in the potato, EBN is more important than actual ploidy in determining the success or failure of crosses. Indeed, crosses between some hypohexaploid hybrids and S. tuberosum cultivars gave the highest number of viable seeds per berry, and seed viability was similar to that of intra-EBN crosses between varieties. Inter-EBN crosses demonstrated that exceptions to the 2:1 maternal-paternal EBN ratio in the hybrid endosperm can sometimes be tolerated. However, an excess in maternal EBN dosage was better tolerated than an excess in paternal EBN.Key words: EBN, ploidy, potato, Solanum commersonii, somatic hybrids.

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