Evaluation of genetic distances between pepper inbred lines for cultivar protection purposes: comparison of AFLP, RAPD and phenotypic data

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and analyses were conducted for yield and six yield-related traits in soybean using 184 inter-specific recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross involving wild type (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) accession DC2008-1 and cultivated (Glycine max L. Merr.) variety DS9712. A Linkage map of 1639.55 cM length was constructed with 167 SSR markers (65.65% polymorphism) with an average marker interval of 9.82 cM. Using three years phenotypic data 34 QTLs were mapped for 7 traits using Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping approach. The number of QTLs mapped for a trait varied from year to year, however, QTLs for days-to-50% flowering (qDFF5), 100-seed weight (qHSW9-1, qHSW9-2 and qHSW19) and yield (qYLD17) were mapped consistently over the three years of testing. Identified QTLs were validated through single marker analysis in 92 germplasm lines. The study demonstrated the potential of wild type soybean to harness QTLs for yield-related traits. The identified QTLs could be utilized for genetic improvement of soybean through molecular breeding.

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Combining Ability, Genetic Distances, and Heterosis among Elite CIMMYT and IITA Tropical Maize Inbred Lines

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0354 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 1201-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Thanda Dhliwayo ◽

Kevin Pixley ◽

Abebe Menkir ◽

Marilyn Warburton

Keyword(s):

Combining Ability ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Tropical Maize ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

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SNP- Based Assessment of Genetic Purity and Diversity in Maize Hybrid Breeding

10.1101/2021.03.22.436406 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chimwemwe Josia ◽

Kingstone Mashingaidze ◽

Assefa B. Amelework ◽

Aleck Kondwakwenda ◽

Cousin Musvosvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Genetic Purity ◽

Maize Hybrid ◽

Dh Lines ◽

High Level

AbstractAssessment of genetic purity of inbred lines and their resultant F1 hybrids is an essential quality control check in maize hybrid breeding, variety release and seed production. In this study, genetic purity, parent-offspring relationship and diversity among the inbred lines were assessed using 92 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 188 maize genotypes, comprising of 26 inbred lines, four doubled haploid (DH) lines and 158 single-cross maize hybrids were investigated in this study using Kompetitive Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (KASP) genotyping assays. The bi-allelic data was analyzed for genetic purity and diversity parameters using GenAlex software. The SNP markers were highly polymorphic and 90% had polymorphic information content (PIC) values of > 0.3. Pairwise genetic distances among the lines ranged from 0.05 to 0.56, indicating a high level of dissimilarity among the inbred lines. Maximum genetic distance of (0.56) was observed for CKDHL0089, CML443 and CB323, while the lowest (0.05) was between I-42 and I-40. The majority (67%) of the inbred lines studied were genetically pure with residual heterozygosity of <5%, while only 33% were had heterozygosity levels of >5%. Inbred lines, which were not pure, require purification through further inbreeding. Cluster analysis partitioned the lines into three distinct genetic clusters with the potential to contribute new beneficial alleles to the maize breeding program. Out of the 68 hybrids (43%) that passed the parent-offspring test, seven hybrids namely; SCHP29, SCHP95, SCHP94, SCHP134, SCHP44, SCHP114 and SCHP126, were selected as potential candidates for further evaluation and release due to their outstanding yield performance.

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GENETIC DISTANCES BASED ON QUANTITATIVE TRAITS

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/111.4.945 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 945-962

Author(s):

A Camussi ◽

E Ottaviano ◽

T Calinski ◽

Z Kaczmarek

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Distance Matrix ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Point Of View ◽

Linear Functions ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Statistical Estimates ◽

Distance Analysis

ABSTRACT Morphological data showing continuous distributions, polygenically controlled, may be particularly useful in intergroup classification below the species level; an appropriate distance analysis based on these traits is an important tool in evolutionary biology and in plant and animal breeding.—The interpretation of morphological distances in genetic terms is not easy because simple phenotypic data may lead to biased estimates of genetic distances. Convenient estimates can be obtained whenever it is possible to breed populations according to a suitable crossing design and to derive information from genetic parameters.—A general method for determining genetic distances is proposed. The procedure of multivariate analysis of variance is extended to estimate appropriate genetic parameters (genetic effects). Not only are optimal statistical estimates of parameters obtained but also the procedure allows the measurement of genetic distances between populations as linear functions of the estimated parameters, providing an appropriate distance matrix that can be defined in terms of these parameters. The use of the T 2 statistic, defined in terms of the vector of contrasts specifying the distance, permits the testing of the significance of any distance between any pair of populations that may be of interest from a genetic point of view.—A numerical example from maize diallel data is reported in order to illustrate the procedure. In particular, heterosis effects are used as the basis for estimates of genetic divergence between populations.

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Karakterisasi Kemiripan Genetik Koleksi Inbrida Jagung Berdasarkan Marka Mikrosatelit

Jurnal AgroBiogen ◽

10.21082/jbio.v2n2.2006.p45-51 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcia Bunga Pabendon ◽

M. Dahlan ◽

Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽

M. L.C. George

Keyword(s):

Ssr Markers ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

Clear Differentiation ◽

Source Populations ◽

Crop Germplasm

<p class="p1">Information on genetic relationships among available crop germplasm such as maize inbred lines, has important implications to breeding programs. A set of 26 maize inbreds togeher with six standard lines from CIMMYT (CML51, CML292, CML202, CML206, CML236, dan CML396), was characterized using 26 SSR markers, which were coverage of the maize genomes. The objective of this study was to analyze genetic diversities among the Indonesian maize inbred collections. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) value and the observed genetic distance indicated the existence of large variabilities among the inbreds. Cluster analysis based on 27% of the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient placed the inbreds into three groups. Genetic distances among all the possible pairs without the standard maize lines varied from 0.32 (KSX360F2-5-1-3-1v vs KSX2601F2-5-1-1-v) to 0.88 (PT963298-1-B-B-Bv vs Mr13). Cluster and Principal Coordinate Analysis of the genetic distances, revealed a clear differentiation of the inbred lines into groups according to their source populations. This clustering were consistent with those of the known pedigree records of the inbreds based on their morphological characters. These results support the use of morphological traits in the production of maize hybrids. The SSR markers proved to be effective to characterize, identify, and demonstrate genetic similarities among the maize inbred lines.</p>

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Relationships between heterosis, genetic distances and specific combining ability among CIMMYT and Zimbabwe developed maize inbred lines under stress and optimal conditions

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-015-1353-z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 204 (3) ◽

pp. 635-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Thokozile Ndhlela ◽

Liezel Herselman ◽

Kassa Semagn ◽

Cosmos Magorokosho ◽

Charles Mutimaamba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combining Ability ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Specific Combining Ability ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

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Comparison between maize inbred lines: genetic distances in the expert's eye

Agronomie ◽

10.1051/agro:19981005 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 659-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christine Dillmann ◽

Daniel Guérin

Keyword(s):

Inbred Lines ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

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High-Throughput Root Network System Analysis for Low Phosphorus Tolerance in Maize at Seedling Stage

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2230

Author(s):

Md. Shalim Uddin ◽

Md. Golam Azam ◽

Masum Billah ◽

Shamim Ara Bagum ◽

Priya Lal Biswas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

System Analysis ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Specific Root Length ◽

Median Number ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Connected Components ◽

Network System ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Low Phosphorus Tolerance

The root system is the important organ of a plant, helping to anchor the plant and take up nutrients from the soil. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the magnitude of the root network system (RNS) through phenotypic variability in a broad range of maize inbred lines. The GiA Root software was used to identify root attributes from images. After germination, the inbred lines were grown hydroponically for 15 days in a high-lux plant growth room with low phosphorus (LP) and normal phosphorus (NP) treatments. Variance analysis revealed a large range of variability present among the inbred lines, with intermediate to high heritabilities ranging from 0.59 to 0.95 for all RNS traits, demonstrating uniformity through the experiments. The proportions of genetic variance ranged from 0.01–0.60 in different maize RNS traits. A strong positive linear relationship between best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) with estimated means was found for all the RNS traits. The Euclidean genetic distances between the studied inbred lines ranged from 0.61 to 29.33, showing a higher amount of diversity. More than 79% of the overall genetic variation was explained by the first three principal components, with high loadings from the measurements of network length (NWL), network surface area (NWSA), network perimeter (NWP), network area (NWA), the maximum number of roots (MANR), median number of roots (MENR), network volume (NWV), network convex area (NWCA), specific root length (SRL), network depth (NWD), number of connected components (NCC), and network width (NWW). The biplot of genotype by trait interaction exposed superior genotypes with a relatively high expression of favorable trait combinations. Some outstanding genotypes with higher values of most RNS traits were identified through MGIDI analysis. These lines may be convenient for enhancing LP tolerance in maize.

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Iodent Germplasm Source Material Selection in Development of Maize Hybrids for the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2020_12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 76-84

Author(s):

B. V. Dziubetskyi ◽

V. Yu. Cherchel ◽

O. V. Abelmasov ◽

V. V. Semenova ◽

M. M. Tagantsova

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Inbred Line ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Material Selection ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Source Material ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Early Maturity

The aim of the study: Evaluation of sister hybrids obtained on the basis of early maturity Iodent germplasm inbred lines (FAO 180-250) as a source material for the development of new inbred lines and evaluation of this material’s main breeding qualities as well as of level of hypothetical heterosis in sister crosses and their polymorphism as an integral part of the breeding cycle. Methods: Field method, mathematical-statistical method. Results: The studies investigated sister hybrids obtained by crossing of 8 precocious Iodent germplasm inbred lines, their combining ability for “grain yield” trait and determined whether they can be used as a source material for the synthesis of new homozygous inbred lines. The results of the evaluation of sister hybrids and their testcrosses on the basic economically valuable traits are presented. According to research results in 2013-2015, it was found that sister hybrids with the least variable grain yields by years of research were obtained from the crossing of DK1274 and DK237 inbred lines. The calculations of the correlation coefficients between hypothetical heterosis and genetic distances revealed no significant correlation between them (r=0.118-0.359) as well as between the yield of sister hybrids and genetic distances (r=0.167-0.351). It was found that the least variable indicators of grain yield for the years of research were noted in sister hybrids obtained on the basis of source inbred lines with the most stable manifestation of this indicator (r=0.714). Sister hybrids were noted, which had effects of general combining ability at class 2, regardless of study conditions (DK216 × DK213, DK237 × DK1274, DK714/195 × DK216), indicating the stability of genotype response to growing conditions. Conclusion: The evaluation of 8 precocious constant Iodent germplasm inbred lines on breeding traits revealed the best of them (DK555 and DK1274) in combining ability compared to the DK744 control inbred line. Significant influence of the conditions of research years on all the traits studied was noted. The study of sister hybrids has revealed forms with a significant manifestation of hypothetical heterosis. It was the highest on average in crosses of inbred lines DK234 (137.0%), DK714/195 (122.7%) and DK216 (101.1%), and the smallest in hybrids with inbred lines DK555 (58.5%), DK1274 (65.8%) and DK744 (75.0%). Sister combinations with DK1274 and DK237 inbred lines were characterized by the highest yield stability over the years of study. In determining genetic distances, the most genetically similar inbred lines DK744 (0.136) and DK234 (0.197) to inbred line 207 (P165), which is the classic representative of the Iodent germplasm, are noted.

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Genetic Diversity and Heterotic Orientation of South Africa Maize Inbred Lines Towards Tropical and Temperate Testers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-173281/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Siphiwokuhle Funani Shandu ◽

John Derera ◽

Kingston Mashingaidze ◽

Edmore Gasura

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Specific Combining Ability ◽

Heterotic Groups ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

Abstract An efficient hybrid breeding program defines and utilizes few heterotic groups. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic diversity and alignment of South Africa maize inbred lines collection towards tropical and temperate testers. Forty-two maize inbred lines were genotyped with 56110 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA markers, using the Illumina MaizeSNP50 Bead chip. The 42 lines were crossed to two tropical and two temperate inbred line testers. The testcrosses were evaluated across seven environments, in South Africa, during 2014-2016. Genotypes and specific combining ability (SCA) effects of hybrids were significantly different (P<0.05) for grain yield. There was a weak correlation between molecular genetic distances and both grain yield mean and specific combining ability effects of hybrids, indicating that productivity of maize inbred lines could not be reliably determined based on molecular genetic distances. The SCA data was capable of classifying these maize inbred lines into three heterotic groups with respect to both tropical and temperate testers. Only a few lines could not be grouped on the basis of SCA data. The study also indicated high level of diversity among the maize inbred lines, which was shown by both the dendogram and molecular genetic distances. The SNP marker data classified the inbred lines into 11 clusters that could be simplified into three major groups of normal maize endosperm and two groups of quality protein maize (QPM) endosperm types. However, the SNP data indicated that maize lines were more aligned towards tropical than temperate inbred testers. This information would be useful for simplifying heterotic classification of the lines with profound implications for breeding progress.

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