scholarly journals Genome-wide linkage scans for prediabetes phenotypes in response to 20 weeks of endurance exercise training in non-diabetic whites and blacks: the HERITAGE Family Study

Diabetologia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. An ◽  
M. Teran-Garcia ◽  
T. Rice ◽  
T. Rankinen ◽  
S. J. Weisnagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Using molecular classification to predict gains in maximal aerobic capacity following endurance exercise training in humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1487-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Timmons ◽  
Steen Knudsen ◽  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Lauren G. Koch ◽  
Mark Sarzynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Dna Variants

A low maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) is a strong risk factor for premature mortality. Supervised endurance exercise training increases V̇o2max with a very wide range of effectiveness in humans. Discovering the DNA variants that contribute to this heterogeneity typically requires substantial sample sizes. In the present study, we first use RNA expression profiling to produce a molecular classifier that predicts V̇o2max training response. We then hypothesized that the classifier genes would harbor DNA variants that contributed to the heterogeneous V̇o2max response. Two independent preintervention RNA expression data sets were generated ( n = 41 gene chips) from subjects that underwent supervised endurance training: one identified and the second blindly validated an RNA expression signature that predicted change in V̇o2max (“predictor” genes). The HERITAGE Family Study ( n = 473) was used for genotyping. We discovered a 29-RNA signature that predicted V̇o2max training response on a continuous scale; these genes contained ∼6 new single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gains in V̇o2max in the HERITAGE Family Study. Three of four novel candidate genes from the HERITAGE Family Study were confirmed as RNA predictor genes (i.e., “reciprocal” RNA validation of a quantitative trait locus genotype), enhancing the performance of the 29-RNA-based predictor. Notably, RNA abundance for the predictor genes was unchanged by exercise training, supporting the idea that expression was preset by genetic variation. Regression analysis yielded a model where 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms explained 23% of the variance in gains in V̇o2max, corresponding to ∼50% of the estimated genetic variance for V̇o2max. In conclusion, combining RNA profiling with single-gene DNA marker association analysis yields a strongly validated molecular predictor with meaningful explanatory power. V̇o2max responses to endurance training can be predicted by measuring a ∼30-gene RNA expression signature in muscle prior to training. The general approach taken could accelerate the discovery of genetic biomarkers, sufficiently discrete for diagnostic purposes, for a range of physiological and pharmacological phenotypes in humans.

Endurance Exercise Training and High-Molecular Weight Adiponectin: the HERITAGE Family Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S290-S291
Author(s):  
Paul G. Davis ◽  
Charles E. Robison ◽  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Arthur S. Leon ◽  
D. C. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Family Study ◽  
High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

Higher mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation following intermittent versus continuous endurance exercise training

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Chilibeck ◽  
G J Bell ◽  
R P Farrar ◽  
T P Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid

It has been well documented that skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation can be elevated by continuous endurance exercise training. However, it remains questionable whether similar adaptations can be induced with intermittent interval exercise training. This study was undertaken to directly compare the rates of fatty acid oxidation in isolated subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria following these different exercise training regimes. Mitochondria were isolated from the gastrocnemius-plantaris muscles of male Sprague-Dawley rats following exercise training 6 days per week for 12 weeks. Exercise training consisted of either continuous, submaximal, endurance treadmill running (n = 10) or intermittent, high intensity, interval running (n = 10). Both modes of training enhanced the oxidation of palmityl-carnitine-malate in both mitochondrial populations (p < 0.05). However, the increase associated with the intermittent, high intensity exercise training was significantly greater than that achieved with the continuous exercise training (p < 0.05). Also, the increases associated with the IMF mitochondria were greater than the SS mitochondria (p < 0.05). These data suggest that high intensity, intermittent interval exercise training is more effective for stimulation of fatty acid oxidation than continuous submaximal exercise training and that this adaptation occurs preferentially within IMF mitochondria.Key words: muscle, subsarcolemmal mitochondria, intermyofibrillar mitochondria.

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