scholarly journals Discrete systems in thermal physics and engineering: a glance from non-equilibrium thermodynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Muschik
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Systems ◽  
Embedding Theorem ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
State Function ◽  
Thermal Physics ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Primitive Concept ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Cyclic Processes ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractNon-equilibrium processes in Schottky systems generate by projection onto the equilibrium subspace reversible accompanying processes for which the non-equilibrium variables are functions of the equilibrium ones. The embedding theorem which guarantees the compatibility of the accompanying processes with the non-equilibrium entropy is proved. The non-equilibrium entropy is defined as a state function on the non-equilibrium state space containing the contact temperature as a non-equilibrium variable. If the entropy production does not depend on the internal energy, the contact temperature changes into the thermostatic temperature also in non-equilibrium, a fact which allows to use temperature as a primitive concept in non-equilibrium. The dissipation inequality is revisited, and an efficiency of generalized cyclic processes beyond the Carnot process is achieved.

scholarly journals Second Law and Non-Equilibrium Entropy of Schottky Systems --Doubts and Verification--

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Muschik
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Embedding Theorem ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Molar Entropy ◽  
Primitive Concept ◽  
Historical Remark ◽  
Clausius Inequality ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Meixner's historical remark in 1969 "... it can be shown that the concept of entropy in the absence of equilibrium is in fact not only questionable but that it cannot even be defined...." is investigated from today's insight. Several statements --such as the three laws of phenomenological thermodynamics, the embedding theorem and the adiabatical uniqueness-- are used to get rid of non-equilibrium entropy as a primitive concept. In this framework, Clausius inequality of open systems can be derived by use of the defining inequalities which establish the non-equilibrium quantities contact temperature and non-equilibrium molar entropy which allow to describe the interaction between the Schottky system and its controlling equilibrium environment.

scholarly journals Second Law and Non-Equilibrium Entropy of Schottky Systems—Doubts and Verification–

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Muschik
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Embedding Theorem ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Molar Entropy ◽  
Primitive Concept ◽  
Historical Remark ◽  
Clausius Inequality ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Meixner’s historical remark in 1969 “... it can be shown that the concept of entropy in the absence of equilibrium is in fact not only questionable but that it cannot even be defined....” is investigated from today’s insight. Several statements—such as the three laws of phenomenological thermodynamics, the embedding theorem and the adiabatical uniqueness—are used to get rid of non-equilibrium entropy as a primitive concept. In this framework, Clausius inequality of open systems can be derived by use of the defining inequalities which establish the non-equilibrium quantities contact temperature and non-equilibrium molar entropy which allow to describe the interaction between the Schottky system and its controlling equilibrium environment.

Multiplexed Laser Induced Fluorescence and Non-Equilibrium Processes in Arcjets.

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Keefer ◽  
Robert Rhodes ◽  
Trevor Moeller ◽  
David Burtner
Keyword(s):  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Temperature chaos is present in off-equilibrium spin-glass dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Baity-Jesi ◽  
Enrico Calore ◽  
Andrés Cruz ◽  
Luis Antonio Fernandez ◽  
José Miguel Gil-Narvion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Glass ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Equilibrium Dynamics ◽  
Glass Dynamics ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractExperiments featuring non-equilibrium glassy dynamics under temperature changes still await interpretation. There is a widespread feeling that temperature chaos (an extreme sensitivity of the glass to temperature changes) should play a major role but, up to now, this phenomenon has been investigated solely under equilibrium conditions. In fact, the very existence of a chaotic effect in the non-equilibrium dynamics is yet to be established. In this article, we tackle this problem through a large simulation of the 3D Edwards-Anderson model, carried out on the Janus II supercomputer. We find a dynamic effect that closely parallels equilibrium temperature chaos. This dynamic temperature-chaos effect is spatially heterogeneous to a large degree and turns out to be controlled by the spin-glass coherence length ξ. Indeed, an emerging length-scale ξ* rules the crossover from weak (at ξ ≪ ξ*) to strong chaos (ξ ≫ ξ*). Extrapolations of ξ* to relevant experimental conditions are provided.

Additional Non Equilibrium Processes in the Dynamic Interaction between Flux Quanta and Defects

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pace ◽  
G. Filatrella ◽  
G. Grimaldi ◽  
A. Nigro ◽  
M. G. Adesso
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Self-Organisation of the Heat Resistant Steel Structure Following Dynamic Non-Equilibrium Processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Chausov ◽  
Pavlo Maruschak ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Andriy Pylypenko ◽  
Valentyn Berezin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissipative Structure ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Resistant Steel ◽  
Heat Resistant Steel ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Using an original experimental methodology and software for contactless investigation into strains applying the method of digital image correlation, conditions for DNP realization in the test setup with pre-set rigidity have been found. Strain velocities have been determined to be equal to 2...10 s–1 in the processes of forming and developing a dissipative structure of heat resistant steel under the DNP (dynamic non-equilibrium process).

scholarly journals Radicals and Non-Equilibrium Processes in Low-Temperature Plasmas

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 011001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Petrović ◽  
Nigel Mason ◽  
Satoshi Hamaguchi ◽  
Marija Radmilović-Radjenović
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Low Temperature Plasmas ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Photophysics of a copper phenanthroline elucidated by trajectory and wavepacket-based quantum dynamics: a synergetic approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (30) ◽  
pp. 19590-19600 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Capano ◽  
T. J. Penfold ◽  
M. Chergui ◽  
I. Tavernelli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
Non Equilibrium

On-the-fly excited state molecular dynamics is a valuable method for studying non-equilibrium processes in excited states and is beginning to emerge as a mature approach much like its ground state counterparts.

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