Autologous osteochondral grafts in the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee joint

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Koulalis ◽  
W. Schultz ◽  
M. Heyden ◽  
F. K�nig
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Osteochondral Grafts

scholarly journals Simple geometry tribological study of osteochondral graft implantation in the knee

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippa Bowland ◽  
Eileen Ingham ◽  
John Fisher ◽  
Louise M Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Osteochondral Allograft ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Osteochondral Grafts ◽  
Osteochondral Repair ◽  
Simple Geometry

Robust preclinical test methods involving tribological simulations are required to investigate and understand the tribological function of osteochondral repair interventions in natural knee tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of osteochondral allograft implantation on the local tribology (friction, surface damage, wear and deformation) of the tissues in the natural knee joint using a simple geometry, reciprocating pin-on-plate friction simulator. In addition, the study aimed to assess the ability of osteochondral grafts to restore a low surface damage, deformation and wear articulation when compared to the native state. A method was developed to characterise and quantify surface damage wear and deformation of the opposing cartilage-bone pin surface using a non-contacting optical profiler (Alicona Infinite Focus). Porcine 12 mm diameter cartilage-bone pins were reciprocated against bovine cartilage-bone plates that had 6 mm diameter osteochondral allografts, cartilage defects or stainless steel pins (positive controls) inserted centrally. Increased levels of surface damage with changes in geometry were not associated with significant increases in the coefficient of dynamic friction. Significant damage to the opposing cartilage surface was observed in the positive control groups. Cartilage damage, deformation and wear (as measured by change in geometry) in the xenograft (2.4 mm3) and cartilage defect (0.99 mm3) groups were low and not significantly different (p > 0.05) compared to the negative control in either group. The study demonstrated the potential of osteochondral grafts to restore the congruent articular surface and biphasic tribology of the natural joint. An optical method has been developed to characterise cartilage wear, damage and deformation that can be applied to the tribological assessment of osteochondral grafts in a whole natural knee joint simulation model.

scholarly journals The Patello-Femoral Joint Degeneration and the Shape of the Patella in the Population Needing an Arthroscopic Procedure

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimtautas Gudas ◽  
Laimonas Šiupšinskas ◽  
Agnė Gudaitė ◽  
Vladas Vansevičius ◽  
Edgaras Stankevičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Arthroscopic Procedures

Background: the main goal of the study was to investigate the prevalence of the articular cartilage defects (ACD) in the patellofemoral (PF) region of the knee joint based on the anatomical shapes of patella and its impact on the level of physical activity in the population needing arthroscopic procedures for all types of pathologies in the knee. Methods: The articular cartilage status of the PF region was obtained from 1098 arthroscopic procedures of the knee joint. The ACD were correlated to Wiberg’s shape of the patella and classified according to the degree, size and depth of the ACD in the PF region using the ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) system: group I consisting of patients with Wiberg type I shape (W1), group II—patients with Wiberg type II shape (W2) and group III—patients with Wiberg type III shape (W3). The Tegner physical activity scale was used to evaluate the physical activity of the patients. Results: The mean of ACD size (PF region) in the W3 group was 3.10 ± 0.99 cm2, which was a statistically significantly larger area in comparison with the W1 (1.90 ± 0.63 cm2; p < 0.0000) and W2 (1.95 ± 0.71 cm2; p < 0.0000). The patients from the W3 group (mean 3.10 ± 0.99) were less physically active (<4 Tegner) compared to the W2 group (mean of 4.48 ± 0.88; p = 0.004) and W1 group (mean of 4.55 ± 0.72; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The patients with the Wiberg type III patella shape had a higher incidence and larger size of ACD in the PF of the knee compared to the groups of Wiberg type I and II. Wiberg III patients with a lower level of physical activity had a larger size of ACD in the PF joint.

scholarly journals Beneficial Storage Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate on the Articular Cartilage of Rabbit Osteochondral Allografts

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Yoon Bae ◽  
Kazuaki Matsumura ◽  
Shigeyuki Wakitani ◽  
Amu Kawaguchi ◽  
Sadami Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Osteochondral Allograft ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Osteochondral Grafts ◽  
Osteochondral Allografts

A fresh osteochondral allograft is one of the most effective treatments for cartilage defects of the knee. Despite the clinical success, fresh osteochondral allografts have great limitations in relation to the short storage time that cartilage tissues can be well-preserved. Fresh osteochondral grafts are generally stored in culture medium at 4°C. While the viability of articular cartilage stored in culture medium is significantly diminished within 1 week, appropriate serology testing to minimize the chances for the disease transmission requires a minimum of 2 weeks. (–)-Epigallocatechin-3- O-gallate (EGCG) has differential effects on the proliferation of cancer and normal cells, thus a cytotoxic effect on various cancer cells, but a cytopreservative effect on normal cells. Therefore, a storage solution containing EGCG might extend the storage duration of articular cartilages. Rabbit osteochondral allografts were performed with osteochondral grafts stored at 4°C in culture medium containing EGCG for 2 weeks and then the clinical effects were examined with macroscopic and histological assessment after 4 weeks. The cartilaginous structure of an osteochondral graft stored with EGCG was well-preserved with high cell viability and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of the extracellular matrix (ECM). After an osteochondral allograft, the implanted osteochondral grafts stored with EGCG also provided a significantly better retention of the articular cartilage with viability and metabolic activity. These data suggest that EGCG can be an effective storage agent that allows long-term preservation of articular cartilage under cold storage conditions.

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