Quantitative evaluation of the viscoelastic properties of the ankle joint complex in patients suffering from ankle sprain by the anterior drawer test

Chronic ankle instability is a common complication of ankle sprain. The clinical assessment of ankle instability is usually incomplete and difficult to interpret. Recently, more attention has been paid to the value of the anterior drawer test of the ankle. We assessed the accuracy of a modification of the anterior drawer test, comparing it with radiological stress view of the ankle in 25 patients with recurrent ankle sprain. The radiological examinations were performed by a TELOS instrument and included lateral and anteroposterior stress views. We found that the modified anterior drawer test correlated with the posterior opening of the tibiotalar joint and with the lateral tilt of the talus. We conclude that a slightly positive modified anterior drawer test may indicate injury to the anterior talofibular ligament. A significant movement of the ankle elicited by the modified anterior drawer test may indicate combined injury to anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments.

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The Effect of Axial Load on the In Vivo Anterior Drawer Test of the Ankle Joint Complex

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/107110070002100511 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 420-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Wen Liu ◽

Murray E. Maitland ◽

Benno M. Nigg

Keyword(s):

Ankle Joint ◽

Axial Load ◽

Plantar Flexion ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Displacement Curve ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Mechanical Instability ◽

Anterior Drawer ◽

Anterior Drawer Test

The anterior drawer test is commonly used in the diagnosis of ankle joint mechanical instability. However, the effect of axial load on the anterior drawer test has not been examined in vivo. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of axial load on passive anterior instability, and on the diagnostic measurement of the anterior drawer instability of the ankle joint complex. A total of 21 subjects with various degrees of ankle sprains were tested on a device that could continuously record applied anterior force and the resultant displacement of the rear-foot. Anterior drawer flexibility of the ankle joint complex in a neutral dorsi/plantar flexion position was quantified on both feet for all subjects without and with an axial load (385 N). Flexibility of the ankle joint complex in anterior drawer was defined as the slope of a linear load-displacement curve (which fitted test data with high correlation coefficients (r>0.991)). With axial load, anterior drawer flexibility was significantly reduced by 28.8% compared to that without axial load. The difference in anterior drawer flexibility between injured and intact ankles significantly decreased with axial load. An axial load increased the stability of ankle joint complex. However, axial load reduced the sensitivity of anterior drawer test to mechanical instability of the ankle joint complex.

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Ligament fibre recruitment and forces for the anterior drawer test at the human ankle joint

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/s0021-9290(02)00425-6 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 363-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

F. Corazza ◽

J.J. O’Connor ◽

A. Leardini ◽

V. Parenti Castelli

Keyword(s):

Ankle Joint ◽

Anterior Drawer ◽

Anterior Drawer Test ◽

Human Ankle

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Quantitative Measurement of the Ankle Joint Anterior Drawer Test Using Ultrasonography

Rigakuryoho Kagaku ◽

10.1589/rika.25.499 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 499-503

Author(s):

Masahiro YOSHIDA ◽

Kazuhiro SUGAWARA ◽

Makoto YOSHIDA ◽

Keigo TANIGUCHI ◽

Masaki KATAYOSE

Keyword(s):

Ankle Joint ◽

Quantitative Measurement ◽

Anterior Drawer ◽

Anterior Drawer Test

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Validity of the quantitative evaluation of the anterior drawer test using a magnetic tracking device

Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche ◽

10.23736/s0393-3660.17.03595-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 177 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroshi Shinohara ◽

Yukio Urabe ◽

Naoki Ishihara ◽

Takayasu Wakimoto ◽

Keisuke Nagaishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Anterior Drawer ◽

Magnetic Tracking ◽

Anterior Drawer Test ◽

Tracking Device

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The quantitative evaluation of anterior drawer test using an electromagnetic measurement system

Sports Biomechanics ◽

10.1080/14763141.2021.1918754 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Kiminari Kataoka ◽

Yuichi Hoshino ◽

Kouki Nagamune ◽

Koji Nukuto ◽

Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Measurement System ◽

Anterior Drawer ◽

Anterior Drawer Test ◽

Electromagnetic Measurement System ◽

Electromagnetic Measurement

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A preliminary study exploring the change in ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity during the menstrual cycle in cis women

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research ◽

10.1186/s13047-021-00459-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomomi Yamazaki ◽

Sae Maruyama ◽

Yuki Sato ◽

Yukako Suzuki ◽

Sohei Shimizu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Ankle Joint ◽

Length Change ◽

Joint Laxity ◽

Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽

Menstrual Phase ◽

Anterior Drawer ◽

Linear Distance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Early Follicular Phase

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity (GJL) in relation to the menstrual cycle, which was divided into four phases based on basal body temperature and ovulation, assessed using an ovulation kit. Methods Participants were 14 female college students (21–22 years) with normal menstrual cycles (cis gender). Anterior drawer stress to a magnitude of 120 N was applied for all participants. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) length was measured as the linear distance (mm) between its points of attachment on the lateral malleolus and talus using ultrasonography. Data on ATFL length from each subject were used to calculate each subject’s normalized length change with anterior drawer stress (AD%). The University of Tokyo method was used for evaluation of GJL. AD% and GJL were measured once in each menstrual phase. Results There was no statistically significant difference between AD% in each phase. GJL score was significantly higher in the ovulation and luteal phases compared with the early follicular phase. AD% and GJL showed a positive correlation with each other in the ovulation phase. Conclusions Although it is unclear whether estrogen receptors are present in the ATFL, the present study suggests that women with high GJL scores might be more sensitive to the effects of estrogen, resulting in ATFL length change in the ovulation phase.

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