scholarly journals A preliminary study exploring the change in ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity during the menstrual cycle in cis women

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Yamazaki ◽  
Sae Maruyama ◽  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Yukako Suzuki ◽  
Sohei Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Anterior Drawer ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity (GJL) in relation to the menstrual cycle, which was divided into four phases based on basal body temperature and ovulation, assessed using an ovulation kit. Methods Participants were 14 female college students (21–22 years) with normal menstrual cycles (cis gender). Anterior drawer stress to a magnitude of 120 N was applied for all participants. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) length was measured as the linear distance (mm) between its points of attachment on the lateral malleolus and talus using ultrasonography. Data on ATFL length from each subject were used to calculate each subject’s normalized length change with anterior drawer stress (AD%). The University of Tokyo method was used for evaluation of GJL. AD% and GJL were measured once in each menstrual phase. Results There was no statistically significant difference between AD% in each phase. GJL score was significantly higher in the ovulation and luteal phases compared with the early follicular phase. AD% and GJL showed a positive correlation with each other in the ovulation phase. Conclusions Although it is unclear whether estrogen receptors are present in the ATFL, the present study suggests that women with high GJL scores might be more sensitive to the effects of estrogen, resulting in ATFL length change in the ovulation phase.

Change in Ankle Joint Laxity and General Joint Laxity During the Menstrual Cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Yamasaki ◽  
Sae Maruyama ◽  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Yukako Suzuki ◽  
Sohei Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Anterior Drawer ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

Abstract Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity (GJL) in relation to the menstrual cycle, which was divided into four phases based on basal body temperature and ovulation, assessed using an ovulation kit. Methods: Subjects were 14 female college students aged >20 years and with normal menstrual cycles. Anterior drawer stress to a magnitude of 120 N was applied for all subjects. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) length was measured as the linear distance (mm) between its points of attachment on the lateral malleolus and talus. Data on ATFL length from each subject were used to calculate each subject’s normalized length change with anterior drawer stress (AD%). The University of Tokyo method was used for evaluation of GJL. AD% and GJL were measured once in each menstrual phase. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between AD% in each phase. GJL score was significantly higher in the ovulation and luteal phases compared with the early follicular phase. AD% and GJL showed a positive correlation with each other in the ovulation phase.Conclusions: Although it is unclear whether estrogen receptors are present in the ATFL, the present study suggests that women with high GJL scores might be more sensitive to the effects of estrogen, resulting in ATFL length change in the ovulation phase.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Anterior Knee Laxity and General Joint Laxity During the Menstrual Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596712199304
Author(s):  
Sae Maruyama ◽  
Tomomi Yamazaki ◽  
Yuuki Sato ◽  
Yukako Suzuki ◽  
Sohei Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Laxity ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Anterior Knee Laxity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Anterior Knee

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has been reported to have a higher incidence in women than in men. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to examine the relationship of anterior knee laxity (AKL), stiffness, and generalized joint laxity (GJL) with respect to the menstrual cycle. It was hypothesized that AKL and GJL would increase during the ovulation phase, when estrogen levels are high. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 15 female university students aged >20 years and with normal menstrual cycles were evaluated. AKL was measured as anterior tibial displacement of the femur after application of 44-, 89-, and 133-N loads to the tibia. Stiffness was calculated as Δ force/Δ displacement at loads between 44 and 89 N and between 89 and 133 N. The University of Tokyo joint laxity test was used for evaluation of GJL. The participants’ menstrual cycle was divided into the early follicular, late follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases using the basal body temperature method and an ovulation kit; AKL and GJL were measured once during each phase. Participants were also stratified according to the presence or absence of genu recurvatum (GR). Results: There was no significant difference in AKL, stiffness, or GJL among the menstrual phases. In the GR group, AKL values at 89 N and 133 N were significantly higher in the ovulation phase than in the early follicular phase ( P = .025 and P =.018, respectively); there were no significant differences in AKL among the phases in the non-GR group. In addition, the GR group in the ovulation phase had significantly higher AKL values at 44 N, 89 N, and 133 N compared with the non-GR group ( P = .013, P = .005, and P = .010, respectively). There were no significant differences in GJL among the phases in the GR or non-GR groups. Conclusion: Women with GR may have increased AKL in the ovulation phase when compared with the early follicular phase, which may be a risk factor for ACL injury. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study suggest that the ovulation phase may be related to the greater incidence of ACL injuries in women.

Assessment of Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity during the Menstrual Cycle Using Alfentanil as a Noninvasive Probe 

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan D. Kharasch ◽  
Michael Russell ◽  
Kyle Garton ◽  
Gretchen Lentz ◽  
T. Andrew Bowdle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Stage Analysis ◽  
P450 Activity

Background Gender-dependent differences in cytochrome P450 activity, drug metabolism, drug elimination, and their clinical consequences are increasingly apparent. P450 3A4 is the most abundant P450 isoform in the human liver and is responsible for metabolizing a vast and diverse assortment of therapeutic agents, including opioids, benzodiazepines, and local anesthetics. P450, 3A4 activity is higher in women, influenced by steroid hormone levels, and is speculated to vary during the menstrual cycle. This investigation tested the hypothesis that P450 3A4 activity varies during the menstrual cycle. Alfentanil clearance was used as a metabolic probe for P450 3A4 activity. Methods Alfentanil (20 micrograms/kg bolus) was administered to nine nonsmoking, nonpregnant female volunteers (age, 26 +/- 5 yr) with normal menstrual cycles on three separate occasions during the same menstrual cycle: days 2 (menstrual phase), 13 (estrogen peak), and 21 (progesterone peak). Venous plasma alfentanil concentrations were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Alfentanil clearance was determined by noncompartmental methods and by a three-compartment model with both pooled population and two-stage analysis. Results There was no significant difference in any measure of alfentanil clearance. Noncompartmental clearances (mean +/- SD) were 3.62 +/- 0.76, 3.81 +/- 0.96, and 3.60 +/- 0.84 ml/kg/ min, respectively, on days 2, 13, and 21 of the menstrual cycle. Conclusions Alfentanil clearances were not different on menstrual cycle days 2, 13, and 21, strongly suggesting no change in P450 3A4 activity. Menstrual cycle differences in alfentanil clearances do not contribute to interindividual variability in alfentanil disposition in women. If other P450 3A4 substrates are comparable, then menstrual cycle variability in their metabolism may not be a consideration in dosing or in the design of pharmacokinetic investigations.

scholarly journals Sonoelastographic assessment of the normal uterus and ovaries using the Shear Wave Elastography according to different menstrual phases

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Özgür Turan ◽  
Ersen Ertekin ◽  
Oghuz Abdullayev ◽  
Behram Kuh
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Pelvic Ultrasonography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: In most of the gynecological studies conducted using the Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) method in the literature, the menstrual cycle period was not taken into account. Current study, we aimed to describe the sonoelastographic features of normal myometrium and ovaries in healthy women and to define their variability during the different phases of the menstrual cycle using the SWE method. Material and methods: All cases were selected from individuals between the ages of 24-31, with regular menstrual cycles and no systemic disease. Each case was called in, 1-5th, 12-16th, 21-24th day of their menstrual cycles and was evaluated by B-mode imaging and SWE in pelvic ultrasonography. The relationship of menstrual phases with uterine and ovarian elasticity was investigated by comparing all measurements made in different menstrual phases. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between the volume of right and left ovaries in terms (p> 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of elastography measurements obtained from the uterus, right and left ovaries for each menstrual phase according to Bonferroni Correction (p> 0.0163). Conclusion: Although there was a slight decrease in myometrial SWE measurements in the follicular phase, there was no significant difference regarding the SWE measurements of uterus and ovaries in early follicular, peri-ovulatory, and luteal menstrual stages. Further studies with a large number of participants are needed to suggest whether gynecological studies planned to be carried out with the shear wave elastography method should be planned in a specific menstrual phase.

scholarly journals Tendon collagen synthesis at rest and after exercise in women

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Miller ◽  
Mette Hansen ◽  
Jens L. Olesen ◽  
Peter Schwarz ◽  
John A. Babraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Tendon Collagen

In general, there is a higher incidence of musculoskeletal injuries during physical activity in women than in men. We hypothesized that in women rates of tendon collagen synthesis would be lower than in men at rest and after exercise, especially in the later luteal phase when estrogen and progesterone concentrations are higher than the early follicular phase. We studied tendon collagen fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in 15 young, healthy female subjects in either the early follicular ( n = 8) or the late luteal phase ( n = 7) 72 h after an acute bout of one-legged exercise (60 min kicking at 67% workload maximum) (72 h) and compared the results with those previously obtained for men. Samples were taken from the patellar tendon in both the exercised and rested legs to determine collagen FSR by the incorporation of [15N]proline into tendon collagen hydroxyproline. There was no effect of menstrual phase on tendon collagen synthesis either at rest or after exercise. However, there was a significant difference between women and men at rest (women = 0.025 ± 0.002%/h, men = 0.045 ± 0.008%/h; P < 0.05) and 72 h after exercise (women = 0.027 ± 0.005%/h; men = 0.058 ± 0.008%/h). Furthermore, rest and 72-h tendon collagen synthesis were not different in women, whereas in men tendon collagen synthesis remained significantly elevated 72 h after exercise. It is concluded that both in the resting state and after exercise, tendon collagen FSR is lower in women than in men, which may contribute to a lower rate of tissue repair after exercise.

scholarly journals Stability of the ankle joint in anatomical or non-anatomical anterior talofibular ligament repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0044
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Shoji ◽  
Atsushi Teramoto ◽  
Yuzuru Sakakibara ◽  
Tomoaki Kamiya ◽  
Kota Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Anterior Translation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intact Condition ◽  
The Stability

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) often needs surgical treatment if conservative treatment is ineffective. Recently, arthroscopic surgeries have become widely used to treat CAI. Although it is crucial to accurately ascertain the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) attachment site under arthroscopy, previous study showed that it might not be feasible to thoroughly observe the ATFL attachment site, and repair or reconstruction position were often unintentionally carried out proximal to the ATFL attachment site at the fibula as a result. Currently, there are few reports about stability of the ankle joint by different repair position of ATFL. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the ankle joint by different repair position of ATFL. Methods: Six fresh-frozen human cadaveric ankles with the mean age of 83.5 ± 7.3 years were used. The ankles were tested using a six-degrees of freedom robotic system. The following ankle states were evaluated: intact, ATFL transection, ATFL anatomical repair, and ATFL non-anatomical repair. ATFL was transected at fibular attachment. Anatomical repair was performed at the center of original ATFL attachment of the fibula. Non-anatomical repair was set 8mm proximal from anatomical ATFL attachment of the fibula. At each state, laxity of anterior translation under 60 N load, inversion under 1.7 Nm load, and internal rotation under 1.7 Nm load were evaluated. Each test was performed at 30 degrees plantarflexion (PF), 15 degrees PF, 0 degree, and 15 degrees dorsiflexion (DF). The one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc pairwise comparisons with Dunnett’s test was adopted. A P value of 0.05 was chosen as the level of significance. Results: Anterior translation under 60 N load was significantly increased in transection condition at 30 degrees PF compared with the intact condition (P=0.005). Anatomical repair and Non-anatomical repair did not show significant differences. Inversion under 1.7 Nm load was significantly increased in transection condition at 30 and 15 degrees PF compared with the intact condition (P=0.004, =0.049). Anatomical repair and Non-anatomical repair did not show significant differences. Internal rotation under 1.7 Nm load was significantly increased in transection condition at 30, 15 degrees PF and 0 degree compared with the intact condition (P<0.001, <0.001, and <0.001). Although anatomical repair did not show significant differences, non-anatomical repair showed significant increase at 30 and 15 degrees compared with the intact condition (P=0.006, =0.026). (Fig. 1). Conclusion: Anatomical repair did not show significant difference in all three loads with the intact condition. In non-anatomical repair, anterior translation and inversion did not show significant difference, but internal rotation significantly increased at 30 and 15 degrees PF compared with the intact condition. Compared with anatomical repair, non-anatomical repair might become more vertical ligament running because its attachment site of the fibula was more proximal. This difference might affect stability of the ankle joint. Anatomical repair of the ATFL might be essential to obtain the stability of the ankle joint like the intact condition.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Phases of the Menstrual Cycle on the Incidence and Severity of Headache after Spinal Anesthesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. e126-e130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud reza Moradkhani ◽  
Arash Karimi ◽  
Zahra Zarei ◽  
Sepideh Vahabi
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Injection Pain ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Needle Size ◽  
Pain Location ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Headache after spinal anesthesia is a common complication, which is caused after dural puncture due to discharge of cerebrospinal fluid and reduction in the volume and pressure. Studies have shown that a variety of factors are involved including needle shape, needle size, patient's sex, age, duration of surgery, history of spinal anesthesia, and history of headaches. One possible factor is the phase of the menstrual cycle. Many studies have investigated the effect of the menstrual cycle on factors such as postoperative nausea, vomiting, propofol injection pain, and sore throat after intubation. Also, many studies have investigated the effect of different phases of the menstrual cycle on migraine headaches. Therefore, we decided to investigate the effect of different phases of the menstrual cycle on headache after spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods To determine the relationship between headache after spinal anesthesia and menstrual cycle, the study included all the patients undergoing spinal anesthesia in Shohada Ashayer and Asalian Hospitals of Khorramabad. This cohort study included 279 patients, and data collection tool was a questionnaire. The data from the questionnaire included age, menstrual phase, surgical procedures, pain location, pain intensity, history of spinal anesthesia, history of headache, and headache after spinal anesthesia. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the location of headache, the history of spinal anesthesia, the location of headache, the history of headache, and menstrual phase. Conclusion Considering the high incidence of postdural puncture headache in follicular phase, it is recommended that patients with a high risk of headaches undergo spinal anesthesia and surgery in the luteal phase.

scholarly journals The Ratio of Stress to Nonstress Anterior Talofibular Ligament Length on Ultrasonography: Normative Values

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712110563
Author(s):  
Takuji Yokoe ◽  
Takuya Tajima ◽  
Shuichi Kawagoe ◽  
Nami Yamaguchi ◽  
Yudai Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Drawer ◽  
Ankle Stability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Generalized Joint Laxity ◽  
Normative Value

Background: Stress ultrasonography (US) has been shown to be a valid procedure for evaluating chronic anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury. The ratio of stress/nonstress ATFL length (ATFL ratio) as measured on US is clinically useful; however, there are no published normative data concerning this ratio. Purpose: To report a normative value of the ATFL ratio on US and evaluate the relationships between sex, generalized joint laxity (GJL), and the grade of anterior drawer test (ADT). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The ATFL lengths were prospectively measured in the stress and nonstress positions (manual maximal anterior drawer position) for participants with noninjured ankles from March 2020 to March 2021. GJL was defined as a Beighton score ≥4. A manual ADT was also performed. The ATFL ratio was calculated, and the relationships between sex, GJL, and ADT grade were evaluated. Results: A total of 333 ankles in 184 participants (mean age, 24.5 ± 2.7 years; range, 20-33 years) were eligible for the analysis. GJL was found in 69 ankles (20.7%). The mean ATFL ratio was 1.08 ± 0.04 (95% CI, 1.08-1.09; range, 1.01-1.24), and there was a significant difference between male (1.07 ± 0.04; 95% CI, 1.07-1.08; range, 1.02-1.23) and female (1.09 ± 0.04; 95% CI, 1.08-1.10; range, 1.01-1.24) ankles ( P = .001). In male ankles, the ATFL ratio was significantly greater in participants with GJL (1.11 ± 0.06 vs 1.07 ± 0.03; P = .02) or a higher grade of ADT (grade 2 vs grade 1: 1.11 ± 0.06 vs 1.07 ± 0.03, P = .002). These findings were not observed in female ankles. Conclusion: The normative value of the ATFL ratio on stress US was 1.07 ± 0.04 in men and 1.09 ± 0.04 in women. The ATFL ratio was affected by the presence of GJL in men but not in women. These findings will be useful for future studies seeking to establish the cutoff value of the ATFL ratio for diagnosing chronic lateral ankle stability on stress US.

scholarly journals Motion Appearance of Women in the Menstrual and Endometrial Cycle

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Santika Rentika Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Significant Difference

In the endometrium and menstrual cycle, occurs several phase. Those are Menstrual Phase, Proliferative Phase, Secretaory Phase and Phase Ischemi. In the these phase occurs change in outpouring of sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that are closely related to the psychological condition (stress and emotions). Psychological conditions in these cycles is estimated to affect the appearance of human motion, appearance of motion in motor skills which means the ability to bring maximum results with spends certain minimum energy and time. The aim of this research was to reveal differences in the appearance of motion in the 200-meter run at the menstrual cycle and endometrium phase. Result of the statistical analysis showed that the appearance of motion in the form of 200-meter run in the fourth group of the menstrual phase, proliferative phase, secretory phase, and ischemic phase has no significant difference (P> 0.05). The conclusion of this research there was no differences in the appearance of motion (travel time to run 200 meters) in a woman in a state of menstrual phase, proliferative phase, secretory phase, and ischemic phase.

Variations Across the Menstrual Cycle in EEG Activity During Thinking and Mental Relaxation

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Krug ◽  
M. Mölle ◽  
H.L. Fehm ◽  
J. Born
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Dimensional Complexity ◽  
Mental Relaxation

Abstract Previous studies have indicated: (1) peak performance on tests of divergent creative thinking during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle; (2) compared to convergent analytical thinking, divergent thinking was found to be associated with a distinctly increased dimensional complexity of ongoing EEG activity. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that cortical information processing during the ovulatory phase is characterized by an increased EEG dimensionality. Each of 16 women was tested on 3 occasions: during the ovulatory phase, the luteal phase, and menses. Presence of the phases was confirmed by determination of plasma concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone. The EEG was recorded while the women performed: (1) tasks of divergent thinking; (2) tasks of convergent thinking; and (3) during mental relaxation. In addition to EEG dimensional complexity, conventional spectral power analysis was performed. Behavioral data confirmed enhanced creative performance during the ovulatory phase while convergent thinking did not vary across cycle phases. EEG complexity was higher during divergent than convergent thought, but this difference remained unaffected by the menstrual phase. Influences of the menstrual phase on EEG activity were most obvious during mental relaxation. In this condition, women during the ovulatory phase displayed highest EEG dimensionality as compared with the other cycle phases, with this effect being most prominent over the central and parietal cortex. Concurrently, power within the alpha frequency band as well as theta power at frontal and parietal leads were lower during the luteal than ovulatory phase. EEG results indicate that task demands of thinking overrode effects of menstrual cycle. However, with a less demanding situation, an ovulatory increase in EEG dimensionality became prominent suggesting a loosening of associative habits during this phase.

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