scholarly journals Levels of structural change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Heinrich ◽  
Jangho Yang ◽  
Shuanping Dai
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Empirical Regularities ◽  
Heavy Tailed ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Technology Level

AbstractWe investigate structural change in the PR China during a period of particularly rapid growth 1998-2014. For this, we utilize sectoral data from the World Input-Output Database and firm-level data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database. Starting with correlation laws known from the literature (Fabricant’s laws), we investigate which empirical regularities hold at the sectoral level and show that many of these correlations cannot be recovered at the firm level. For a more detailed analysis, we propose a multi-level framework, which is validated empirically. For this, we perform a robust regression, since various input variables at the firm-level as well as the residuals of exploratory OLS regressions are found to be heavy-tailed. We conclude that Fabricant’s laws and other regularities are primarily characteristics of the sectoral level which rely on aspects like infrastructure, technology level, innovation capabilities, and the knowledge base of the relevant labor force. We illustrate our analysis by showing the development of some of the larger sectors in detail and offer some policy implications in the context of development economics, evolutionary economics, and industrial organization.

scholarly journals Offshoring and Labor Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hummels ◽  
Jakob R. Munch ◽  
Chong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Wage Employment ◽  
Firm Data ◽  
Industry Level Data

In this paper, we survey the recent empirical literature on the effects of offshoring on wage, employment, and displacement. We start with an overview of the measurement of offshoring, organizing our discussion around the three key elements of offshoring: that it involves intermediate inputs for production (versus final goods for consumption); that it involves imported inputs (versus domestically produced ones); and that the inputs involved could have been produced internally within the same firm. We then briefly discuss the theories of offshoring and survey the literature that examines the wage effects of offshoring: the wave of studies using industry-level data; the wave using firm-level data; the wave using worker-level data; and the wave using matched worker-firm data. For each wave, we highlight the identification strategies used, critically assess its strengths and weaknesses, discuss its connections with theory, and draw out potential policy implications of its findings. Finally, we survey the literature that examines how offshoring affects employment and displacement. We highlight the recent development of a novel cohort-based approach that is specifically designed to address selection with displacement, and capable of identifying the overall effects of offshoring, including wage, displacement, and all other types of transitions. (JEL F23, J24, J31, J63, L24, M55)

How does the globalization of firms affect corruption in developing economies?

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bokyeong Park ◽  
Onon Khanoi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how firms’ characteristics related to globalization affect their perception on corruption and actual experiences in bribery. It focuses on two indicators of globalization, namely, foreign ownership and export, and confines the scope to developing economies. Design/methodology/approach This analysis uses firm-level data with observation over 60,000 collected from 94 developing economies. The paper employs the probit model to examine how firm characteristics related to globalization affect corruption perception (CP) and incidence. Findings The empirical results reveal that for foreign-invested companies, there is a substantial discrepancy between the perceived corruption and the actual. Although they are involved in bribery as frequently as, or less frequently than local firms, they have greater CPs. Exporting firms are more frequently solicited for bribes, but the effect disappears when time spent for government contact is controlled for. Consequently, foreign investment partly contributes to the corruption control, but the export orientation of firms rather aggravates corruption due to regulative environments in developing economies. Practical implications This study provides policy implications that the corruption control through globalization requires streamlining of administration procedure related to foreign investment or trade and, thus, shortening time to deal with public officials. In addition, governments need to emphasize the importance of foreign investment and prevent unethical practices mediated by local partners. Originality/value The greatest novelty of this paper lies in using firm level data instead of country level unlike most of the literature. Moreover, the authors focus on firms only in developing economies. As well, unlike most studies using only perception indicators as the proxy of corruption, this paper considers both CPs and actual incidence, and compares each other.

scholarly journals International and Intranational Technological Spillovers and Productivity Growth in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Fu ◽  
Yundan Gong
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Technological Spillovers ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Chinese Firm ◽  
Level Data ◽  
International Industry

Technological spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) have been regarded as a major source of technical progress and productivity growth. This paper explores the role of international and intranational technological spillovers from FDI in technical change, efficiency improvement, and total factor productivity growth in Chinese manufacturing firms using a recent Chinese manufacturing firm-level panel data set over the 2001–05 period. International industry-specific research and development (R&D) stock is linked to the Chinese firm-level data, international R&D spillovers from FDI and intranational technological spillovers of R&D activities by foreign invested firms in China are examined as well. Policy implications are discussed.

What Determines Small Champions’ Export Performance? Evidence from Korea Firm-Level Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-155
Author(s):  
Young Gui Kim ◽  
Jeongmeen Suh
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Entry Decision ◽  
Korean Firm

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often have different export behavior than bigger firms, in spite of their high productivity. To understand the behavior of these small champions, we develop a theoretical framework that analyzes the factors that affect firm export performance, from the decision to start exporting (the extensive export margin) and how much they will export (the intensive export margin). When we use Korean firm-level data to test our model, we find that productivity plays an important role in the firm export entry decision, and fixed export costs are important determinants of fractions of export intensity. We use our empirical results to explore the policy implications of policy interventions focused on SME export.

Implicit Taxes Amid Race to the Bottom in a Global Tax Game

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Igor Semenenko ◽  
Junwook Yoo ◽  
Parporn Akathaporn
Keyword(s):  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Race To The Bottom ◽  
Tax Subsidy ◽  
Tax Subsidies ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Tax Hypothesis

Growing tax competition among national governments in the presence of capital mobility distorts equilibrium in the international corporate tax market. This paper is related to the literature that examines impact of international tax policies on corporate accounting statements. Employing international firm-level data, this study revisits the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and documents that tax exemptions lowering effective tax rates relative to statutory rates increase pre-tax returns. This finding directly contradicts the implicit tax hypothesis documented by Wilkie (1992), who provided empirical evidence on inverse relationship between pre-tax return and tax subsidy. We also find evidences that relative importance of permanent versus timing component depends on the geography and that decline in corporate tax rates reduces impact of tax subsidies on profitability. Our findings suggest that tax subsidies play a different role than in 1968-1985, which was examined by Wilkie (1992). These results are consistent with the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and income shifting explanation

Ageing and Employability. Evidence from Belgian Firm-Level Data

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Rigo ◽  
Vincent Vandenberghe ◽  
Fábio Waltenberg
Keyword(s):  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data
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