Studies of the TNT equivalence of propane, propane/oxygen, and ANFO

In this paper, blast effect of oil-associated gas in gas injection wells is determined when using air injection displacement, and on this basis, the relevant safety distance is determined also. Numerical simulation is used to calculate the overpressure distribution, explosion energy and TNT equivalence of combustible gas explosion in gas injection wells. Based on shock wave damage criterion, the safety distances in seven levels are obtained, which are personnel minor injuries, severe injuries, death, and destruction of buildings with mild, moderate, severe manage and destroying. Therefore, technical support is provided to accident prevention, emergency and rescue.

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EDS Containment Vessel TNT Equivalence Testing

Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD); SPC Track for Senate ◽

10.1115/pvp2017-65391 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Robert W. Crocker ◽

Brent L. Haroldsen ◽

Jerome H. Stofleth

Keyword(s):

Free Volume ◽

Pressure Vessel ◽

Project Manager ◽

Equivalence Testing ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Containment Vessel ◽

Tnt Equivalent ◽

Vessel Response ◽

Tnt Equivalence ◽

Explosive Destruction

The V26 containment vessel was procured by the Project Manager, Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM) for use on the Phase-2 Explosive Destruction Systems. It was fabricated under Code Case 2564 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which provides rules for the design of impulsively loaded vessels [1]. The explosive rating for the vessel, based on the Code Case, is nine (9) pounds TNT-equivalent for up to 637 detonations. This report documents the results of tests that were performed on the vessel at Sandia National Laboratories to qualify the vessel for explosive use [2]. Three of these explosive tests consisted of: (1) 9lbs bare charge of Composition C-4 (equivalent to 11.25lbs TNT); (2) a 7.2lbs bare charge of Composition C-4 (equivalent to 9lbs TNT); (3) a bare charge of 9lbs cast TNT. The results of these tests are compared in order to provide an understanding of how varying charge size affects vessel response when the ratio of free volume to charge volume is small, and in making direct comparisons between TNT and Composition C-4 for TNT equivalency calculations. In a previous paper [3], the 7.2lbs bare charge of Composition C-4, (2) above, was compared to 7.2lbs of Composition C-4 distributed into 6 charges.

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Airblast TNT equivalence for a range of commercial blasting explosives

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00168-0 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 79 (1-2) ◽

pp. 31-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

R.K Wharton ◽

S.A Formby ◽

R Merrifield

Keyword(s):

Tnt Equivalence

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Modeling of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE): Plane, Cylindrical and Spherical 1D Model

Volume 4: Fatigue and Fracture; Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer; Mechatronics; Micro and Nano Technology; Optical Engineering; Robotics; Systems Engineering; Industrial Applications ◽

10.1115/esda2008-59333 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. A. Pinhasi ◽

Y. Dahan ◽

A. Dayan ◽

A. Ullmann

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

Current Model ◽

Dynamic State ◽

Vapor Explosion ◽

Two Phase ◽

Boiling Liquid ◽

Energy Models ◽

Model Predictions ◽

1D Model ◽

Tnt Equivalence

A 1D plane, cylindrical and spherical numerical model was developed for estimating the thermodynamic and the dynamic state of the boiling liquid during a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) event. The model predicts, simultaneously, the flow properties of the expanding two-phase flashing mixture and its surrounding air. The possible presence of a shock wave formed by the fluid expansion through the air is accounted for in the model. Model predictions of the shock wave strengths, in terms of TNT equivalence for the various coordinate systems, were compared against those obtained by simple energy models. As expected, the simple energy models over predicts the shock wave strength. However, the simple model which accounts for the expansion irreversibility, produces results which are closer to current model predictions. For the 1D plane case the model simulates a BLEVE scenario in a tunnel, whereas for the spherical case the more realistic BLEVE scenario in free space is being studied.

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Residual Axial Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subject to Internal Building Detonations

International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics ◽

10.1142/s0219455415500509 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (08) ◽

pp. 1550050 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lakshitha M. G. Wijesundara ◽

Simon K. Clubley

Keyword(s):

Numerical Modeling ◽

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Parametric Study ◽

Concrete Columns ◽

Assessment Procedure ◽

Lateral Loads ◽

Direct Relevance ◽

Rc Column ◽

Axial Capacity ◽

Tnt Equivalence

This paper details the development of an engineering assessment procedure for reinforced concrete (RC) column failure when subjected to time-variant coupled axial and lateral loads due to internal building detonations. This is based on a comprehensive parametric study conducted using an advanced uncoupled Euler–Lagrange numerical modeling; splitting the structural and flow solvers for maximum integrity and accuracy. The column assessment charts discussed in this paper provide threshold combinations of TNT equivalence and stand-off distance for a range of column residual axial capacity levels corresponding to two key internal blast environments: Vented and contained. This will be of direct relevance to both practitioners and researchers involved with protective design of civilian and military buildings.

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