Building a model of the process of shooting a mobile armored target with directed fragmentation-beam shells in the form of a discrete-continuous stochastic system

This paper describes the process of shooting a mobile armored combat vehicle with directed fragmentation-beam shells as a discrete-continuous random process. Based on this approach, a stochastic model has been proposed in the form of a system of Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations. A universal model of the process of defeating a moving armored target with directed fragmentation-beam shells has been built, which would provide preconditions for experimental studies into the effectiveness of various variants of the components of the artillery system for three-shot firing. The execution of an artillery task is considered as a set of certain procedures characterized by the average value of its duration. They are dependent on the firing phases involving a prospective automatic gun and the explosive destruction of fragmentation-beam shells while the explosive destruction of each shell case is characterized by the self-propagation of the reaction of explosive transformations based on tabular data on the target. An indicator of the functionality of various design options for fragmentation-beam shells is the probability of causing damage by «useful fragments» in the vulnerable compartments of a combat armored vehicle. Devising universal models for the process of shooting a moving armored vehicle forms preconditions for further full-time experiments in accordance with the design solutions defined as a result of modeling. It is possible to use the developed discrete-continuous stochastic model in other modeling tasks to determine the optimal value of defeat. As regards the practical application of discrete-continuous stochastic models, one can argue about the possibility of reducing the cost of performing design tasks related to weapons by 25 % and decreasing the likelihood of making mistakes at the stage of system engineering design

A resource efficient and environmentally safe charge structure for mining in an open-pit

Purpose. The purpose is to reduce mineral losses during the explosive destruction of rocks and environmental pollution by harmful gases and fine particulate matter. Methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, methods of physicochemical analysis and mechanics of continuous media have been used. The method of physico-chemical analysis has been used to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the composition of the well stemming depending on the parameters of the well, the type of explosive, the amount and type of harmful gases formed during the explosion. Methods of solid medium mechanics have been used to establish the patterns of pressure waves during an explosion depending on the characteristics of the gap filler between the charge and the well wall. To solve the problem of the behavior of a two-layer medium during the loading of a cylindrical cavity by a nonstationary load, a numerical method based on the finite-difference McCormack predictor-corrector scheme has been used. Findings. A resource-saving and environmentally friendly charge structure for rock mining by explosion was developed. The design of the charge involves the formation of a gap between the charge and the wall of the borehole, and filling it with a suspension of calcium hydroxide or a suspension of calcium carbonate. Originality. SThe dependences of the volume of harmful gases (NO2, CO2, CO) formed during the explosive destruction of rocks and the magnitude of the pressure peak in the area close to the charge on the chemical composition of the filler of the radial gap between the charge and the well wall have been set. Practical implications. Developed charge design allows to neutralize the harmful gases formed during the explosion, to reduce the pressure peak in the area of the rock massif close to the charge, and can be widely used in non-metallic quarries that extract minerals for the production of crushed stone.

MOBILE HYDRAULIC SHEARS FOR DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

The article provides a detailed review of special machines for non-explosive destruction and demolition of old and emergency buildings and structures - on mobile hydraulic shears based on excavators, considers their design features, developed a classification of mobile hydraulic shears.

ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SMALL CUMULATIVE CHARGES TO NEUTRALIZE AMMUNITION

The article presents the results of a study of the possibilities of using small cumulative charges to neutralize (destroy) ammunition during demining operations or during their disposal. The relevance of research is proved and the efficiency of using small cumulative charges as liquidators' charges for neutralization (destruction) of ammunition during demining works or during their utilization is confirmed. The authors analyzed research and publications on explosive technologies, which cover the issues of blasting in construction, mining and military field. The basic principles of theoretical substantiation of the behavior of explosive charges at the established penetration of a cumulative jet, determination of critical characteristics of a cumulative jet necessary for initiation of detonation and estimation of mass of the reacted explosive at penetration of a cumulative jet into a charge without initiation of detonation are given. The composition and construction of small cumulative charges "MKZ-1", "MKZ-2", "MKZ-3" developed by OOO "Vognyana Varta" are considered. The results of field experiments during which the behavior of explosive charges under the influence of cumulative jet was studied. The use of cumulative charges as liquidators for explosive destruction of structures and devices equipped with loaded explosives without excitation of detonation are proposed and substantiated. According to the results of research, the effectiveness of the use of MKZ for neutralization (destruction) of ammunition during demining works or during their utilization is confirmed. It is proved that the developed MKZ meet the requirements for modern means of ammunition disposal and have satisfactory prospects for further improvement in reducing the mass of the explosive while increasing the effectiveness of the application.

The Direction of Drilling Wells as a Factor of Improving the Crushing of Sedimentary

The task of the work is to improve the quality of preparation of the rock mass for excavation. Explosive destruction of the rock is based on several theories developed by well-known scientists. The improvement of quality of preparation of rock mass to excavation without an increase in the value of specific consumption of explosives is important in the present time. The analysis of scientific works and industrial results of explosive preparation of the overburden removal is made. It is established that depending on the angle of the explosive charges meeting with the rock layers, the quality of its crushing changes. Modern drilling machines can drill at any angle. It is proposed to drill wells perpendicular to the rock layers. The proposal differs in originality from the previously known principles of charge placement of explosives in wells. This method of charge placement has a positive effect in sedimentary rocks in coal mines. The results of industrial explosions in coal mines have confirmed the theoretical reasoning.

Experimental and analytical studies to substantiate the blasting operations rational parameters in the hard media destruction

The method of sieve analysis studied particle size distribution of the products explosive destruction of sand-cement models with elliptical compensatory cavity in its middle that were destroyed with use of various designs explosive charges and built the cumulative distribution curves. It was established that the area of the newly formed surface of these models destruction products, destroyed by an explosion of variable cross section charges, increased 1.45 times as compared with charges of other structures (boiler in the extension of the charge end, solid structure). The middle diameter of particles increased at 50-60 %. According to the results of the fractional composition, distribution of the products models destruction for different designs and geometric parameters of the compensation cavity has been defined by the regression lines. According to the cumulative distribution curves of the products of destruction of a model with different geometrical parameters of the compensation cavity, around which various designs of explosive charges were exploded, the equations of the regression lines was determined. Based on the obtained dependences of the regression-correlation analysis, mathematical models have been developed to optimize the choice of rational parameters of compensation cavities and explosive charge structures. Recommendations for their use in mines are given.