Effects of nicotine on response inhibition and interference control

Abstract Executive functions (EFs), such as response inhibition, interference control, and set shifting, are general-purpose control mechanisms that enable individuals to regulate their thoughts and behaviors. Because bilingual individuals use EF-like processes during language control, researchers have become interested in the hypothesis that this use might train EFs, resulting in better performance on non-linguistic EF tasks. Although this bilingual advantage hypothesis seems straightforward to test, it involves a number of important decisions in terms of how to assess bilingualism and EFs. In this article, I focus on the complexity of measuring EFs, drawing on individual differences research (conducted with participants not selected for bilingualism). Specifically, I discuss issues related to (1) the measurement of EFs (particularly the effects of task impurity and unreliability) and (2) the multicomponent nature of EFs. Within each of these topics, I elaborate on consequences for research on bilingual advantages and provide some recommendations.

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SA39. Response Inhibition and Interference Control: Effects of Schizophrenia, Genetic Risk, and Schizotypy

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbx023.038 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S127-S127

Author(s):

Ulrich Ettinger ◽

Michael Riedel ◽

Veena Kumari

Keyword(s):

Response Inhibition ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Interference Control

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Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Inhibitory Control of College Students with Smartphone Addiction

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/5530126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hainan Fan ◽

Shuai Qi ◽

Guoyuang Huang ◽

Zhao Xu

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Control Function ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Individual Response ◽

Interference Control

Background. Inhibitory control deficits may be one important cause for smartphone addiction. The available studies have shown that acute aerobic exercise may improve the inhibitory control. However, there is still lack of research on how regimens of an acute exercise affect this inhibitory control. The present study was to examine the effects of an acute aerobic exercise at three different exercise intensities on changes in the inhibitory control function including response inhibition and interference control in college students with smartphone addiction. Methods. Participants (n = 30; age 20.03 ± 0.96 years) with smartphone addiction were identified by the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale for College Students and randomized to study 1 and study 2 with 15 individuals each. Fifteen participants in study 1 were tested by the Go/NoGo task to explore the response inhibition, while other fifteen in study 2 were tested by the Flanker task to examine the interference control. The participants in study 1 and 2 were randomly assigned to three groups (5 in each) with exercising at low, moderate, and high intensity. The individual response inhibition and interference control were measured before and after 30 minutes acute aerobic exercise, respectively. Results. In study 1, the accuracy of NoGo stimulus after 30 minutes of acute aerobic exercise was significantly increased p ≤ 0.001 while the response time (RT) of Go stimulus was significantly decreased p ≤ 0.001 . The largest changes occurred in the moderate-intensity group for the accuracy of NoGo stimulus p = 0.012 and for the RT of Go stimulus p ≤ 0.001 . The results in study 2 showed no significant change in all three groups after exercise. Conclusions. 30 minutes of acute aerobic exercise could effectively elicit changes of the response inhibition in college students with smartphone addiction. The largest improvement was observed in the moderate intensity of an acute aerobic exercise in college students with smartphone addiction.

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ERPS and task performance during response inhibition and interference control in children with AD/HD

International Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.528 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 195 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.J. Johnstone ◽

R.J. Barry ◽

V. Markovska ◽

A. Dimoska ◽

A.R. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Interference Control ◽

And Task

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A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Atomoxetine and Placebo on Response Inhibition and Interference Control in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1097/jcp.0b013e31829c764f ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 824-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jolanda M.J. van der Meer ◽

Myriam Harfterkamp ◽

Gigi van de Loo-Neus ◽

Monika Althaus ◽

Saskia W. de Ruiter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Interference Control ◽

Double Blind ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Adolescents With Autism ◽

Blind Comparison

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Impaired Response Inhibition in Autism Spectrum Disorders, a Marker of Vulnerability to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders?

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617713000167 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 646-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Petra S. Barneveld ◽

Leo de Sonneville ◽

Sophie van Rijn ◽

Herman van Engeland ◽

Hanna Swaab

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Interference Control ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Control Response ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Adolescents With Asd

AbstractIn this study, we addressed the relation between specific deficits in cognitive control and schizotypal symptomatology in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosed in childhood. We aimed to identify cognitive control deficits as markers of vulnerability to the development of schizophrenia spectrum pathology in ASD. Symptoms of autism and the risk for schizotypal symptomatology were assessed in 29 high-functioning adolescents with ASD, and compared with 40 typically developing adolescents. Cognitive control (response inhibition, mental flexibility, visuo-motor control, interference control, and perseveration) was evaluated for specific association with schizotypal symptomatology. Impaired response inhibition appeared to be strongly and specifically associated with schizotypal symptomatology in adolescents with ASD, especially those with positive and disorganized symptoms. Response inhibition problems could indicate vulnerability to the development of schizotypal symptomatology in ASD. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)

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Reaction time intra-individual variability reveals inhibitory deficits in single- and multiple-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gbab051 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ricky Chow ◽

Rahel Rabi ◽

Shahier Paracha ◽

Brandon P Vasquez ◽

Lynn Hasher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Interference Control ◽

Inhibitory Deficits ◽

Report Data ◽

Multiple Domain

Abstract Objectives Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, is characterized by episodic memory impairment. Recent evidence has shown inhibitory control deficits in aMCI, but the extent of these deficits across inhibitory domains (i.e., response inhibition and interference control) and aMCI subtypes (i.e., single- versus multiple-domain) remains unclear. Few studies have included response time intra-individual variability (RT IIV) in these efforts. The aim of this study was to compare response inhibition and interference control between aMCI subtypes using measures of accuracy, mean RT, and RT IIV. Method We report data from 34 individuals with single-domain aMCI (sdaMCI, 66–86 years), 20 individuals with multiple-domain aMCI (mdaMCI, 68–88 years), and 52 healthy controls (64–88 years) who completed tasks of response inhibition (Go-NoGo) and interference control (Flanker). Group differences in accuracy, mean RT, and RT IIV were examined for both tasks. Results Individuals with mdaMCI had higher RT IIV than the other groups on both tasks. In RT IIV, we observed an interference control deficit in mdaMCI and sdaMCI relative to healthy controls, a finding not observed through accuracy or mean RT. Discussion RT IIV may detect subtle differences in inhibition deficits between aMCI subtypes that may not be evident with conventional behavioral measures. Findings support the supplementary use of RT IIV when assessing early executive function deficits.

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