scholarly journals Clinical withdrawal symptom profile of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and comparison of effects with high potency cannabis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Craft ◽  
Jason A. Ferris ◽  
Monica J. Barratt ◽  
Larissa J. Maier ◽  
Michael T. Lynskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Withdrawal Symptom ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Severe Withdrawal ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) may be used as an alternative to natural cannabis; however, they may carry a greater risk of problematic use and withdrawal. This study aimed to characterise the withdrawal symptom profile of SCRAs and compare their profile of effect with high-potency herbal cannabis. Global Drug Survey data (2015 and 2016) were used to access a clinically relevant sample of people reporting use of SCRAs >10 times in the past 12-months, a previous SCRA quit attempt, and lifetime use of high-potency herbal cannabis. Participants completed an 11-item SCRA withdrawal symptom checklist and compared SCRAs and high-potency herbal cannabis on their onset and duration of effects, speed of the development of tolerance, severity of withdrawal, and difficulty with dose titration. Participants (n = 284) reported experiencing a mean of 4.4 (95% CI: 4.1, 4.8) withdrawal symptoms after not using SCRAs for >1 day; most frequently reported were sleep issues (59.2%), irritability (55.6%), and low mood (54.2%). Withdrawal symptoms were significantly associated with frequency (>51 vs. 11–50 times per year: IRR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.77, p = 0.005) and quantity (grams per session: IRR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.22, p = 0.001) of SCRA use. Compared to high-potency herbal cannabis, SCRAs were rated as having a faster onset and shorter duration of effects, faster development of tolerance, and more severe withdrawal (p’s < 0.001). In conclusion, SCRA withdrawal symptoms are more likely to occur after greater SCRA exposure. The effects of SCRA indicate a more severe withdrawal syndrome and a greater risk of problematic use than natural cannabis.

scholarly journals Identification and Analytical Characterization of a Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid-Type Substance in Herbal Material in Europe

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Emmanouil D. Tsochatzis ◽  
Joao Alberto Lopes ◽  
Margaret V. Holland ◽  
Fabiano Reniero ◽  
Giovanni Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ◽  
Analytical Laboratories

The rapid diffusion of new psychoactive substances (NPS) presents unprecedented challenges to both customs authorities and analytical laboratories involved in their detection and characterization. In this study an analytical approach to the identification and structural elucidation of a novel synthetic cannabimimetic, quinolin-8-yl-3-[(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl) sulfonyl]-4-methylbenzoate (2F-QMPSB), detected in seized herbal material, is detailed. An acid precursor 4-methyl-3-(4,4-difluoro-1-piperidinylsulfonyl) benzoic acid (2F-MPSBA), has also been identified in the same seized material. After extraction from the herbal material the synthetic cannabimimetic, also referred to as synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists or “synthetic cannabinoids”, was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 1H, 13C, 19F and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS) combined with chromatographic separation. A cheminformatics platform was used to manage and interpret the analytical data from these techniques.

scholarly journals Modulation of human T-type calcium channels by synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 108478
Author(s):  
Chris Bladen ◽  
Somayeh Mirlohi ◽  
Marina Santiago ◽  
Mitchell Longworth ◽  
Michael Kassiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists

scholarly journals Human Toxicity Caused by Indole and Indazole Carboxylate Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists: From Horizon Scanning to Notification

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon L Hill ◽  
Michael Dunn ◽  
Céline Cano ◽  
Suzannah J Harnor ◽  
Ian R Hardcastle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Horizon Scanning ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ◽  
The Uk

Abstract BACKGROUND The emergence of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), particularly synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA), has involved hundreds of potentially harmful chemicals in a highly dynamic international market challenging users', clinicians', and regulators' understanding of what circulating substances are causing harm. We describe a toxicovigilance system for NPS that predicted the UK emergence and identified the clinical toxicity caused by novel indole and indazole carboxylate SCRA. METHODS To assist early accurate identification, we synthesized 5 examples of commercially unavailable indole and indazole carboxylate SCRA (FUB-NPB-22, 5F-NPB-22, 5F-SDB-005, FUB-PB-22, NM-2201). We analyzed plasma and urine samples from 160 patients presenting to emergency departments with severe toxicity after suspected NPS use during 2015 to 2016 for these and other NPS using data-independent LC-MS/MS. RESULTS We successfully synthesized 5 carboxylate SCRAs using established synthetic and analytical chemistry methodologies. We identified at least 1 SCRA in samples from 49 patients, including an indole or indazole carboxylate SCRA in 17 (35%), specifically 5F-PB-22 (14%), FUB PB-22 (6%), BB-22 (2%), 5F NPB-22 (20%), FUB NPB-22 (2%), and 5F-SDB-005 (4%). In these 17 patients, there was analytical evidence of other substances in 16. Clinical features included agitation and aggression (82%), reduced consciousness (76%), acidosis (47%), hallucinations and paranoid features (41%), tachycardia (35%), hypertension (29%), raised creatine kinase (24%), and seizures (12%). CONCLUSIONS This toxicovigilance system predicted the emergence of misuse of indole and indazole carboxylate SCRA, documented associated clinical harms, and notified relevant agencies. Toxicity appears consistent with other SCRA, including mental state disturbances and reduced consciousness.

In vitro elucidation of the metabolic profile of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists JWH-175 and JWH-176

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Fietzke ◽  
Andreas Thomas ◽  
Justus Beike ◽  
Marcus Alexander Rothschild ◽  
Mario Thevis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists

Comparing the effects of endogenous and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists on survival of gastric cancer cells

Life Sciences ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ortega ◽  
V.M. García-Hernández ◽  
E. Ruiz-García ◽  
A. Meneses-García ◽  
A. Herrera-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cells ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists

scholarly journals Interaction of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists with Cannabinoid Receptor I: Insights into Activation Molecular Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Gavryushov ◽  
Anton Bashilov ◽  
Konstantin Cherashev-Tumanov ◽  
Nikolay Kuzmich ◽  
Tatyana Burykina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Allosteric Modulation ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Agonist Ligands

The manuscript of a paper entitled "Interaction of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists with Cannabinoid Receptor I: Insights into Activation Molecular Mechanism". The work describes computer simulations of activation of the Cannabinoid Receptor I at binding of its agonist ligands. The molecular mechanism of the receptor-ligand interactions and receptor's activation is explored. The study includes theoretical models construction, intense molecular dynamics simulations, comparison with experimentally-known data. Some conclusions allow for better understanding of G-protein-copupled receptor mechanism of transmembrane allosteric modulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document