scholarly journals Effects of a secondary task on obstacle avoidance in healthy young adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka-Chun Siu ◽  
Robert D. Catena ◽  
Li-Shan Chou ◽  
Paul van Donkelaar ◽  
Marjorie H. Woollacott
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Secondary Task

Brain-based limitations in attention and secondary task engagement during high-fidelity driving simulation among young adults

Neuroreport ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Author(s):  
Barbara C. Banz ◽  
Jia Wu ◽  
Deepa R. Camenga ◽  
Linda C. Mayes ◽  
Michael J. Crowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
High Fidelity

Personality and Apparent Operator Capacity

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1189-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo H. F. Huddleston
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
Pursuit Tracking

24 young adults were required to perform a pursuit tracking task and given the opportunity to accept a concurrent second one as soon as they felt themselves capable of doing so. Personality tests showed that the more anxious individuals delayed acceptance of this secondary task. No relationships were found between personality and tracking skill as such.

scholarly journals The role of reduced working memory resources in the associative deficit of older adults

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yoko Hara
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Online Processing ◽  
Associative Deficit ◽  
Processing Resources

Previous research indicates that older adults show problems with remembering associations compared to young adults, yet they remember single pieces of information about as well as young adults do (see Naveh-Benjamin, 2000). The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether reduced working memory (WM) resources affect associative memory and whether such a reduction can account for older adults’ associative deficit. Three experiments investigated whether we can simulate an associative deficit in young adults by using secondary tasks that increase their WM loads (either via increasing storage or processing demands of the secondary task) during a primary task in which they were required to learn name-face pairs and then remember the names, the faces, and the name-face associations. Results show that reducing both the storage and the processing resources of WM each produced an associative deficit in young adults. However, further increasing the demands of the secondary task for WM processing resources gradually increased the size of the associative deficit, whereas increasing the demands of the secondary task for WM storage resources did not differentially affect associative memory performance. Furthermore, younger adults with low-WM span or low-online processing showed an associative deficit under full attention conditions compared to young adults with high-WM span or high-online processing. High-WM span/processing individuals also showed an associative deficit when the processing or storage demands on WM increased. In summary, the present studies showed that one possible reason older adults have an associative deficit is a reduction in their WM resources, especially those related to WM processing.

scholarly journals Obstacle Avoidance and Secondary Task Performance During Locomotion

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Preeti Chopra ◽  
Jonathan Dingwell ◽  
Darla Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Secondary Task

When Hearing Does Not Mean Understanding: On the Neural Processing of Syntactically Complex Sentences by Listeners With Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Margreet Vogelzang ◽  
Christiane M. Thiel ◽  
Stephanie Rosemann ◽  
Jochem W. Rieger ◽  
Esther Ruigendijk
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Sentence Complexity ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
And Task

Purpose Adults with mild-to-moderate age-related hearing loss typically exhibit issues with speech understanding, but their processing of syntactically complex sentences is not well understood. We test the hypothesis that listeners with hearing loss' difficulties with comprehension and processing of syntactically complex sentences are due to the processing of degraded input interfering with the successful processing of complex sentences. Method We performed a neuroimaging study with a sentence comprehension task, varying sentence complexity (through subject–object order and verb–arguments order) and cognitive demands (presence or absence of a secondary task) within subjects. Groups of older subjects with hearing loss ( n = 20) and age-matched normal-hearing controls ( n = 20) were tested. Results The comprehension data show effects of syntactic complexity and hearing ability, with normal-hearing controls outperforming listeners with hearing loss, seemingly more so on syntactically complex sentences. The secondary task did not influence off-line comprehension. The imaging data show effects of group, sentence complexity, and task, with listeners with hearing loss showing decreased activation in typical speech processing areas, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. No interactions between group, sentence complexity, and task were found in the neuroimaging data. Conclusions The results suggest that listeners with hearing loss process speech differently from their normal-hearing peers, possibly due to the increased demands of processing degraded auditory input. Increased cognitive demands by means of a secondary visual shape processing task influence neural sentence processing, but no evidence was found that it does so in a different way for listeners with hearing loss and normal-hearing listeners.

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

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